Import glibc-mainline for 2006-08-16

git-svn-id: svn://svn.eglibc.org/fsf/trunk@4 7b3dc134-2b1b-0410-93df-9e9f96275f8d

40 files changed, 1964 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/add.c b/libc/manual/examples/add.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4b1bba36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/add.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int
+add_em_up (int count,...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  int i, sum;
+
+  va_start (ap, count);		/* Initialize the argument list. */
+
+  sum = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    sum += va_arg (ap, int);	/* Get the next argument value. */
+
+  va_end (ap);			/* Clean up. */
+  return sum;
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  /* This call prints 16. */
+  printf ("%d\n", add_em_up (3, 5, 5, 6));
+
+  /* This call prints 55. */
+  printf ("%d\n", add_em_up (10, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10));
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex1.c b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50ac0ed97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* Argp example #1 -- a minimal program using argp */
+
+/* This is (probably) the smallest possible program that
+   uses argp.  It won't do much except give an error
+   messages and exit when there are any arguments, and print
+   a (rather pointless) messages for --help.  */
+
+#include <argp.h>
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  argp_parse (0, argc, argv, 0, 0, 0);
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex2.c b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..313c6819a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* Argp example #2 -- a pretty minimal program using argp */
+
+/* This program doesn't use any options or arguments, but uses
+   argp to be compliant with the GNU standard command line
+   format.
+
+   In addition to making sure no arguments are given, and
+   implementing a --help option, this example will have a
+   --version option, and will put the given documentation string
+   and bug address in the --help output, as per GNU standards.
+
+   The variable ARGP contains the argument parser specification;
+   adding fields to this structure is the way most parameters are
+   passed to argp_parse (the first three fields are usually used,
+   but not in this small program).  There are also two global
+   variables that argp knows about defined here,
+   ARGP_PROGRAM_VERSION and ARGP_PROGRAM_BUG_ADDRESS (they are
+   global variables because they will almost always be constant
+   for a given program, even if it uses different argument
+   parsers for various tasks).  */
+
+#include <argp.h>
+
+const char *argp_program_version =
+  "argp-ex2 1.0";
+const char *argp_program_bug_address =
+  "<bug-gnu-utils@@gnu.org>";
+
+/* Program documentation.  */
+static char doc[] =
+  "Argp example #2 -- a pretty minimal program using argp";
+
+/* Our argument parser.  The @code{options}, @code{parser}, and
+   @code{args_doc} fields are zero because we have neither options or
+   arguments; @code{doc} and @code{argp_program_bug_address} will be
+   used in the output for @samp{--help}, and the @samp{--version}
+   option will print out @code{argp_program_version}.  */
+static struct argp argp = { 0, 0, 0, doc };
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, 0);
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex3.c b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex3.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ea9ce075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/* Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp */
+
+/* This program uses the same features as example 2, and uses options and
+   arguments.
+
+   We now use the first four fields in ARGP, so here's a description of them:
+     OPTIONS  -- A pointer to a vector of struct argp_option (see below)
+     PARSER   -- A function to parse a single option, called by argp
+     ARGS_DOC -- A string describing how the non-option arguments should look
+     DOC      -- A descriptive string about this program; if it contains a
+                 vertical tab character (\v), the part after it will be
+                 printed *following* the options
+
+   The function PARSER takes the following arguments:
+     KEY  -- An integer specifying which option this is (taken
+             from the KEY field in each struct argp_option), or
+             a special key specifying something else; the only
+             special keys we use here are ARGP_KEY_ARG, meaning
+             a non-option argument, and ARGP_KEY_END, meaning
+             that all arguments have been parsed
+     ARG  -- For an option KEY, the string value of its
+             argument, or NULL if it has none
+     STATE-- A pointer to a struct argp_state, containing
+             various useful information about the parsing state; used here
+             are the INPUT field, which reflects the INPUT argument to
+             argp_parse, and the ARG_NUM field, which is the number of the
+             current non-option argument being parsed
+   It should return either 0, meaning success, ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN, meaning the
+   given KEY wasn't recognized, or an errno value indicating some other
+   error.
+
+   Note that in this example, main uses a structure to communicate with the
+   parse_opt function, a pointer to which it passes in the INPUT argument to
+   argp_parse.  Of course, it's also possible to use global variables
+   instead, but this is somewhat more flexible.
+
+   The OPTIONS field contains a pointer to a vector of struct argp_option's;
+   that structure has the following fields (if you assign your option
+   structures using array initialization like this example, unspecified
+   fields will be defaulted to 0, and need not be specified):
+     NAME   -- The name of this option's long option (may be zero)
+     KEY    -- The KEY to pass to the PARSER function when parsing this option,
+               *and* the name of this option's short option, if it is a
+               printable ascii character
+     ARG    -- The name of this option's argument, if any
+     FLAGS  -- Flags describing this option; some of them are:
+                 OPTION_ARG_OPTIONAL -- The argument to this option is optional
+                 OPTION_ALIAS        -- This option is an alias for the
+                                        previous option
+                 OPTION_HIDDEN       -- Don't show this option in --help output
+     DOC    -- A documentation string for this option, shown in --help output
+
+   An options vector should be terminated by an option with all fields zero. */
+
+#include <argp.h>
+
+const char *argp_program_version =
+  "argp-ex3 1.0";
+const char *argp_program_bug_address =
+  "<bug-gnu-utils@@gnu.org>";
+
+/* Program documentation.  */
+static char doc[] =
+  "Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp";
+
+/* A description of the arguments we accept.  */
+static char args_doc[] = "ARG1 ARG2";
+
+/* The options we understand.  */
+static struct argp_option options[] = {
+  {"verbose",  'v', 0,      0,  "Produce verbose output" },
+  {"quiet",    'q', 0,      0,  "Don't produce any output" },
+  {"silent",   's', 0,      OPTION_ALIAS },
+  {"output",   'o', "FILE", 0,
+   "Output to FILE instead of standard output" },
+  { 0 }
+};
+
+/* Used by @code{main} to communicate with @code{parse_opt}.  */
+struct arguments
+{
+  char *args[2];		/* @var{arg1} & @var{arg2} */
+  int silent, verbose;
+  char *output_file;
+};
+
+/* Parse a single option.  */
+static error_t
+parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
+{
+  /* Get the @var{input} argument from @code{argp_parse}, which we
+     know is a pointer to our arguments structure.  */
+  struct arguments *arguments = state->input;
+
+  switch (key)
+    {
+    case 'q': case 's':
+      arguments->silent = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'v':
+      arguments->verbose = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'o':
+      arguments->output_file = arg;
+      break;
+
+    case ARGP_KEY_ARG:
+      if (state->arg_num >= 2)
+	/* Too many arguments.  */
+	argp_usage (state);
+
+      arguments->args[state->arg_num] = arg;
+
+      break;
+
+    case ARGP_KEY_END:
+      if (state->arg_num < 2)
+	/* Not enough arguments.  */
+	argp_usage (state);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Our argp parser.  */
+static struct argp argp = { options, parse_opt, args_doc, doc };
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  struct arguments arguments;
+
+  /* Default values.  */
+  arguments.silent = 0;
+  arguments.verbose = 0;
+  arguments.output_file = "-";
+
+  /* Parse our arguments; every option seen by @code{parse_opt} will
+     be reflected in @code{arguments}.  */
+  argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, &arguments);
+
+  printf ("ARG1 = %s\nARG2 = %s\nOUTPUT_FILE = %s\n"
+	  "VERBOSE = %s\nSILENT = %s\n",
+	  arguments.args[0], arguments.args[1],
+	  arguments.output_file,
+	  arguments.verbose ? "yes" : "no",
+	  arguments.silent ? "yes" : "no");
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex4.c b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex4.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8628a235d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/argp-ex4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/* Argp example #4 -- a program with somewhat more complicated options */
+
+/* This program uses the same features as example 3, but has more
+   options, and somewhat more structure in the -help output.  It
+   also shows how you can `steal' the remainder of the input
+   arguments past a certain point, for programs that accept a
+   list of items.  It also shows the special argp KEY value
+   ARGP_KEY_NO_ARGS, which is only given if no non-option
+   arguments were supplied to the program.
+
+   For structuring the help output, two features are used,
+   *headers* which are entries in the options vector with the
+   first four fields being zero, and a two part documentation
+   string (in the variable DOC), which allows documentation both
+   before and after the options; the two parts of DOC are
+   separated by a vertical-tab character ('\v', or '\013').  By
+   convention, the documentation before the options is just a
+   short string saying what the program does, and that afterwards
+   is longer, describing the behavior in more detail.  All
+   documentation strings are automatically filled for output,
+   although newlines may be included to force a line break at a
+   particular point.  All documentation strings are also passed to
+   the `gettext' function, for possible translation into the
+   current locale.  */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <argp.h>
+
+const char *argp_program_version =
+  "argp-ex4 1.0";
+const char *argp_program_bug_address =
+  "<bug-gnu-utils@@prep.ai.mit.edu>";
+
+/* Program documentation.  */
+static char doc[] =
+  "Argp example #4 -- a program with somewhat more complicated\
+options\
+\vThis part of the documentation comes *after* the options;\
+ note that the text is automatically filled, but it's possible\
+ to force a line-break, e.g.\n<-- here.";
+
+/* A description of the arguments we accept.  */
+static char args_doc[] = "ARG1 [STRING...]";
+
+/* Keys for options without short-options.  */
+#define OPT_ABORT  1		/* --abort */
+
+/* The options we understand.  */
+static struct argp_option options[] = {
+  {"verbose",  'v', 0,       0, "Produce verbose output" },
+  {"quiet",    'q', 0,       0, "Don't produce any output" },
+  {"silent",   's', 0,       OPTION_ALIAS },
+  {"output",   'o', "FILE",  0,
+   "Output to FILE instead of standard output" },
+
+  {0,0,0,0, "The following options should be grouped together:" },
+  {"repeat",   'r', "COUNT", OPTION_ARG_OPTIONAL,
+   "Repeat the output COUNT (default 10) times"},
+  {"abort",    OPT_ABORT, 0, 0, "Abort before showing any output"},
+
+  { 0 }
+};
+
+/* Used by @code{main} to communicate with @code{parse_opt}.  */
+struct arguments
+{
+  char *arg1;			/* @var{arg1} */
+  char **strings;		/* [@var{string}@dots{}] */
+  int silent, verbose, abort;	/* @samp{-s}, @samp{-v}, @samp{--abort} */
+  char *output_file;		/* @var{file} arg to @samp{--output} */
+  int repeat_count;		/* @var{count} arg to @samp{--repeat} */
+};
+
+/* Parse a single option.  */
+static error_t
+parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state)
+{
+  /* Get the @code{input} argument from @code{argp_parse}, which we
+     know is a pointer to our arguments structure.  */
+  struct arguments *arguments = state->input;
+
+  switch (key)
+    {
+    case 'q': case 's':
+      arguments->silent = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'v':
+      arguments->verbose = 1;
+      break;
+    case 'o':
+      arguments->output_file = arg;
+      break;
+    case 'r':
+      arguments->repeat_count = arg ? atoi (arg) : 10;
+      break;
+    case OPT_ABORT:
+      arguments->abort = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case ARGP_KEY_NO_ARGS:
+      argp_usage (state);
+
+    case ARGP_KEY_ARG:
+      /* Here we know that @code{state->arg_num == 0}, since we
+	 force argument parsing to end before any more arguments can
+	 get here.  */
+      arguments->arg1 = arg;
+
+      /* Now we consume all the rest of the arguments.
+	 @code{state->next} is the index in @code{state->argv} of the
+	 next argument to be parsed, which is the first @var{string}
+	 we're interested in, so we can just use
+	 @code{&state->argv[state->next]} as the value for
+	 arguments->strings.
+
+	 @emph{In addition}, by setting @code{state->next} to the end
+	 of the arguments, we can force argp to stop parsing here and
+	 return.  */
+      arguments->strings = &state->argv[state->next];
+      state->next = state->argc;
+
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Our argp parser.  */
+static struct argp argp = { options, parse_opt, args_doc, doc };
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int i, j;
+  struct arguments arguments;
+
+  /* Default values.  */
+  arguments.silent = 0;
+  arguments.verbose = 0;
+  arguments.output_file = "-";
+  arguments.repeat_count = 1;
+  arguments.abort = 0;
+
+  /* Parse our arguments; every option seen by @code{parse_opt} will be
+     reflected in @code{arguments}.  */
+  argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, &arguments);
+
+  if (arguments.abort)
+    error (10, 0, "ABORTED");
+
+  for (i = 0; i < arguments.repeat_count; i++)
+    {
+      printf ("ARG1 = %s\n", arguments.arg1);
+      printf ("STRINGS = ");
+      for (j = 0; arguments.strings[j]; j++)
+	printf (j == 0 ? "%s" : ", %s", arguments.strings[j]);
+      printf ("\n");
+      printf ("OUTPUT_FILE = %s\nVERBOSE = %s\nSILENT = %s\n",
+	      arguments.output_file,
+	      arguments.verbose ? "yes" : "no",
+	      arguments.silent ? "yes" : "no");
+    }
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/atexit.c b/libc/manual/examples/atexit.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42bba7112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/atexit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void 
+bye (void)
+{
+  puts ("Goodbye, cruel world....");
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  atexit (bye);
+  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/db.c b/libc/manual/examples/db.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a1cb0c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/db.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  uid_t me;
+  struct passwd *my_passwd;
+  struct group *my_group;
+  char **members;
+
+  /* Get information about the user ID. */
+  me = getuid ();
+  my_passwd = getpwuid (me);
+  if (!my_passwd)
+    {
+      printf ("Couldn't find out about user %d.\n", (int) me);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print the information. */
+  printf ("I am %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_gecos);
+  printf ("My login name is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_name);
+  printf ("My uid is %d.\n", (int) (my_passwd->pw_uid));
+  printf ("My home directory is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_dir);
+  printf ("My default shell is %s.\n", my_passwd->pw_shell);
+
+  /* Get information about the default group ID. */
+  my_group = getgrgid (my_passwd->pw_gid);
+  if (!my_group)
+    {
+      printf ("Couldn't find out about group %d.\n",
+	      (int) my_passwd->pw_gid);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print the information. */
+  printf ("My default group is %s (%d).\n",
+	  my_group->gr_name, (int) (my_passwd->pw_gid));
+  printf ("The members of this group are:\n");
+  members = my_group->gr_mem;
+  while (*members)
+    {
+      printf ("  %s\n", *(members));
+      members++;
+    }
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/dir.c b/libc/manual/examples/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ab77dc34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+/*@end group*/
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  DIR *dp;
+  struct dirent *ep;
+
+  dp = opendir ("./");
+  if (dp != NULL)
+    {
+      while (ep = readdir (dp))
+	puts (ep->d_name);
+      (void) closedir (dp);
+    }
+  else
+    perror ("Couldn't open the directory");
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/dir2.c b/libc/manual/examples/dir2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a75c88574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/dir2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+/*@end group*/
+
+static int
+one (const struct dirent *unused)
+{
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  struct dirent **eps;
+  int n;
+
+  n = scandir ("./", &eps, one, alphasort);
+  if (n >= 0)
+    {
+      int cnt;
+      for (cnt = 0; cnt < n; ++cnt)
+	puts (eps[cnt]->d_name);
+    }
+  else
+    perror ("Couldn't open the directory");
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/execinfo.c b/libc/manual/examples/execinfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a0490195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/execinfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <execinfo.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* Obtain a backtrace and print it to @code{stdout}. */
+void
+print_trace (void)
+{
+  void *array[10];
+  size_t size;
+  char **strings;
+  size_t i;
+
+  size = backtrace (array, 10);
+  strings = backtrace_symbols (array, size);
+
+  printf ("Obtained %zd stack frames.\n", size);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
+     printf ("%s\n", strings[i]);
+
+  free (strings);
+}
+
+/* A dummy function to make the backtrace more interesting. */
+void
+dummy_function (void)
+{
+  print_trace ();
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  dummy_function ();
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/filecli.c b/libc/manual/examples/filecli.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f64445fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/filecli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+#define SERVER	"/tmp/serversocket"
+#define CLIENT	"/tmp/mysocket"
+#define MAXMSG	512
+#define MESSAGE	"Yow!!! Are we having fun yet?!?"
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern int make_named_socket (const char *name);
+  int sock;
+  char message[MAXMSG];
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  size_t size;
+  int nbytes;
+
+  /* Make the socket. */
+  sock = make_named_socket (CLIENT);
+
+  /* Initialize the server socket address. */
+  name.sun_family = AF_LOCAL;
+  strcpy (name.sun_path, SERVER);
+  size = strlen (name.sun_path) + sizeof (name.sun_family);
+
+  /* Send the datagram. */
+  nbytes = sendto (sock, MESSAGE, strlen (MESSAGE) + 1, 0,
+		   (struct sockaddr *) & name, size);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("sendto (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Wait for a reply. */
+  nbytes = recvfrom (sock, message, MAXMSG, 0, NULL, 0);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("recfrom (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Print a diagnostic message. */
+  fprintf (stderr, "Client: got message: %s\n", message);
+
+  /* Clean up. */
+  remove (CLIENT);
+  close (sock);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/filesrv.c b/libc/manual/examples/filesrv.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32507c655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/filesrv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+#define SERVER	"/tmp/serversocket"
+#define MAXMSG	512
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  int sock;
+  char message[MAXMSG];
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  size_t size;
+  int nbytes;
+
+  /* Remove the filename first, it's ok if the call fails */
+  unlink (SERVER);
+
+  /* Make the socket, then loop endlessly. */
+  sock = make_named_socket (SERVER);
+  while (1)
+    {
+      /* Wait for a datagram. */
+      size = sizeof (name);
+      nbytes = recvfrom (sock, message, MAXMSG, 0,
+			 (struct sockaddr *) & name, &size);
+      if (nbytes < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("recfrom (server)");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      /* Give a diagnostic message. */
+      fprintf (stderr, "Server: got message: %s\n", message);
+
+      /* Bounce the message back to the sender. */
+      nbytes = sendto (sock, message, nbytes, 0,
+		       (struct sockaddr *) & name, size);
+      if (nbytes < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("sendto (server)");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/fmtmsgexpl.c b/libc/manual/examples/fmtmsgexpl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42b8bb517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/fmtmsgexpl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include <fmtmsg.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  addseverity (5, "NOTE2");
+  fmtmsg (MM_PRINT, "only1field", MM_INFO, "text2", "action2", "tag2");
+  fmtmsg (MM_PRINT, "UX:cat", 5, "invalid syntax", "refer to manual",
+          "UX:cat:001");
+  fmtmsg (MM_PRINT, "label:foo", 6, "text", "action", "tag");
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/genpass.c b/libc/manual/examples/genpass.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7626dbed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/genpass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <crypt.h>
+
+int 
+main(void)
+{
+  unsigned long seed[2];
+  char salt[] = "$1$........";
+  const char *const seedchars = 
+    "./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST"
+    "UVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+  char *password;
+  int i;
+  
+  /* Generate a (not very) random seed.  
+     You should do it better than this...  */
+  seed[0] = time(NULL);
+  seed[1] = getpid() ^ (seed[0] >> 14 & 0x30000);
+  
+  /* Turn it into printable characters from `seedchars'.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+    salt[3+i] = seedchars[(seed[i/5] >> (i%5)*6) & 0x3f];
+  
+  /* Read in the user's password and encrypt it.  */
+  password = crypt(getpass("Password:"), salt);
+  
+  /* Print the results.  */
+  puts(password);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/inetcli.c b/libc/manual/examples/inetcli.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35dfb379e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/inetcli.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+#define PORT		5555
+#define MESSAGE		"Yow!!! Are we having fun yet?!?"
+#define SERVERHOST 	"mescaline.gnu.org"
+
+void 
+write_to_server (int filedes)
+{
+  int nbytes;
+
+  nbytes = write (filedes, MESSAGE, strlen (MESSAGE) + 1);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("write");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+}
+
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern void init_sockaddr (struct sockaddr_in *name,
+			     const char *hostname,
+			     uint16_t port);
+  int sock;
+  struct sockaddr_in servername;
+
+  /* Create the socket.  */
+  sock = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  if (sock < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("socket (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Connect to the server.  */
+  init_sockaddr (&servername, SERVERHOST, PORT);
+  if (0 > connect (sock,
+		   (struct sockaddr *) &servername,
+		   sizeof (servername)))
+    {
+      perror ("connect (client)");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Send data to the server.  */
+  write_to_server (sock);
+  close (sock);
+  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/inetsrv.c b/libc/manual/examples/inetsrv.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d544c005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/inetsrv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+#define PORT	5555
+#define MAXMSG	512
+
+int
+read_from_client (int filedes)
+{
+  char buffer[MAXMSG];
+  int nbytes;
+
+  nbytes = read (filedes, buffer, MAXMSG);
+  if (nbytes < 0)
+    {
+      /* Read error. */
+      perror ("read");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+  else if (nbytes == 0)
+    /* End-of-file. */
+    return -1;
+  else
+    {
+      /* Data read. */
+      fprintf (stderr, "Server: got message: `%s'\n", buffer);
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  extern int make_socket (uint16_t port);
+  int sock;
+  fd_set active_fd_set, read_fd_set;
+  int i;
+  struct sockaddr_in clientname;
+  size_t size;
+
+  /* Create the socket and set it up to accept connections. */
+  sock = make_socket (PORT);
+  if (listen (sock, 1) < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("listen");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Initialize the set of active sockets. */
+  FD_ZERO (&active_fd_set);
+  FD_SET (sock, &active_fd_set);
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      /* Block until input arrives on one or more active sockets. */
+      read_fd_set = active_fd_set;
+      if (select (FD_SETSIZE, &read_fd_set, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+	{
+	  perror ("select");
+	  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      /* Service all the sockets with input pending. */
+      for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; ++i)
+	if (FD_ISSET (i, &read_fd_set))
+	  {
+	    if (i == sock)
+	      {
+		/* Connection request on original socket. */
+		int new;
+		size = sizeof (clientname);
+		new = accept (sock,
+			      (struct sockaddr *) &clientname,
+			      &size);
+		if (new < 0)
+		  {
+		    perror ("accept");
+		    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+		  }
+		fprintf (stderr,
+			 "Server: connect from host %s, port %hd.\n",
+			 inet_ntoa (clientname.sin_addr),
+			 ntohs (clientname.sin_port));
+		FD_SET (new, &active_fd_set);
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		/* Data arriving on an already-connected socket. */
+		if (read_from_client (i) < 0)
+		  {
+		    close (i);
+		    FD_CLR (i, &active_fd_set);
+		  }
+	      }
+	  }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/isockad.c b/libc/manual/examples/isockad.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c21149a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/isockad.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+
+void 
+init_sockaddr (struct sockaddr_in *name,
+	       const char *hostname,
+	       uint16_t port)
+{
+  struct hostent *hostinfo;
+
+  name->sin_family = AF_INET;
+  name->sin_port = htons (port);
+  hostinfo = gethostbyname (hostname);
+  if (hostinfo == NULL) 
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Unknown host %s.\n", hostname);
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+  name->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *) hostinfo->h_addr;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/longopt.c b/libc/manual/examples/longopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1661327f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/longopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+/* Flag set by @samp{--verbose}.  */
+static int verbose_flag;
+
+int
+main (argc, argv)
+     int argc;
+     char **argv;
+{
+  int c;
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      static struct option long_options[] =
+	{
+	  /* These options set a flag.  */
+	  {"verbose", no_argument,       &verbose_flag, 1},
+	  {"brief",   no_argument,       &verbose_flag, 0},
+	  /* These options don't set a flag.
+	     We distinguish them by their indices.  */
+	  {"add",     no_argument,       0, 'a'},
+	  {"append",  no_argument,       0, 'b'},
+	  {"delete",  required_argument, 0, 'd'},
+	  {"create",  required_argument, 0, 'c'},
+	  {"file",    required_argument, 0, 'f'},
+	  {0, 0, 0, 0}
+	};
+      /* @code{getopt_long} stores the option index here.  */
+      int option_index = 0;
+
+      c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:f:",
+		       long_options, &option_index);
+
+      /* Detect the end of the options.  */
+      if (c == -1)
+	break;
+
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case 0:
+	  /* If this option set a flag, do nothing else now.  */
+	  if (long_options[option_index].flag != 0)
+	    break;
+	  printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
+	  if (optarg)
+	    printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
+	  printf ("\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'a':
+	  puts ("option -a\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'b':
+	  puts ("option -b\n");
+	  break;
+
+	case 'c':
+	  printf ("option -c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
+	  break;
+
+	case 'd':
+	  printf ("option -d with value `%s'\n", optarg);
+	  break;
+
+	case 'f':
+	  printf ("option -f with value `%s'\n", optarg);
+	  break;
+
+	case '?':
+	  /* @code{getopt_long} already printed an error message.  */
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  abort ();
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Instead of reporting @samp{--verbose}
+     and @samp{--brief} as they are encountered,
+     we report the final status resulting from them.  */
+  if (verbose_flag)
+    puts ("verbose flag is set");
+
+  /* Print any remaining command line arguments (not options).  */
+  if (optind < argc)
+    {
+      printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
+      while (optind < argc)
+	printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
+      putchar ('\n');
+    }
+
+  exit (0);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/memopen.c b/libc/manual/examples/memopen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..682830fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/memopen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+static char buffer[] = "foobar";
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  int ch;
+  FILE *stream;
+
+  stream = fmemopen (buffer, strlen (buffer), "r");
+  while ((ch = fgetc (stream)) != EOF)
+    printf ("Got %c\n", ch);
+  fclose (stream);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/memstrm.c b/libc/manual/examples/memstrm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1674c36e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/memstrm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char *bp;
+  size_t size;
+  FILE *stream;
+
+  stream = open_memstream (&bp, &size);
+  fprintf (stream, "hello");
+  fflush (stream);
+  printf ("buf = `%s', size = %d\n", bp, size);
+  fprintf (stream, ", world");
+  fclose (stream);
+  printf ("buf = `%s', size = %d\n", bp, size);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/mkfsock.c b/libc/manual/examples/mkfsock.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..615ecd868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/mkfsock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+int
+make_named_socket (const char *filename)
+{
+  struct sockaddr_un name;
+  int sock;
+  size_t size;
+
+  /* Create the socket.  */
+  sock = socket (PF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
+  if (sock < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("socket");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Bind a name to the socket.  */
+  name.sun_family = AF_LOCAL;
+  strncpy (name.sun_path, filename, sizeof (name.sun_path));
+  name.sun_path[sizeof (name.sun_path) - 1] = '\0';
+
+  /* The size of the address is
+     the offset of the start of the filename,
+     plus its length,
+     plus one for the terminating null byte.
+     Alternatively you can just do:
+     size = SUN_LEN (&name);
+  */
+  size = (offsetof (struct sockaddr_un, sun_path)
+	  + strlen (name.sun_path) + 1);
+
+  if (bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &name, size) < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("bind");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  return sock;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/mkisock.c b/libc/manual/examples/mkisock.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fd8b3d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/mkisock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+int 
+make_socket (uint16_t port)
+{
+  int sock;
+  struct sockaddr_in name;
+
+  /* Create the socket. */
+  sock = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  if (sock < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("socket");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Give the socket a name. */
+  name.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  name.sin_port = htons (port);
+  name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
+  if (bind (sock, (struct sockaddr *) &name, sizeof (name)) < 0)
+    {
+      perror ("bind");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  return sock;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/mygetpass.c b/libc/manual/examples/mygetpass.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fe06f463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/mygetpass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+ssize_t
+my_getpass (char **lineptr, size_t *n, FILE *stream)
+{
+  struct termios old, new;
+  int nread;
+
+  /* Turn echoing off and fail if we can't.  */
+  if (tcgetattr (fileno (stream), &old) != 0)
+    return -1;
+  new = old;
+  new.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+  if (tcsetattr (fileno (stream), TCSAFLUSH, &new) != 0)
+    return -1;
+  
+  /* Read the password.  */
+  nread = getline (lineptr, n, stream);
+
+  /* Restore terminal.  */
+  (void) tcsetattr (fileno (stream), TCSAFLUSH, &old);
+  
+  return nread;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/pipe.c b/libc/manual/examples/pipe.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92d339a7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/pipe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* Read characters from the pipe and echo them to @code{stdout}.  */
+
+void
+read_from_pipe (int file)
+{
+  FILE *stream;
+  int c;
+  stream = fdopen (file, "r");
+  while ((c = fgetc (stream)) != EOF)
+    putchar (c);
+  fclose (stream);
+}
+
+/* Write some random text to the pipe. */
+
+void
+write_to_pipe (int file)
+{
+  FILE *stream;
+  stream = fdopen (file, "w");
+  fprintf (stream, "hello, world!\n");
+  fprintf (stream, "goodbye, world!\n");
+  fclose (stream);
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  pid_t pid;
+  int mypipe[2];
+
+/*@group*/
+  /* Create the pipe.  */
+  if (pipe (mypipe))
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Pipe failed.\n");
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+/*@end group*/
+
+  /* Create the child process.  */
+  pid = fork ();
+  if (pid == (pid_t) 0)
+    {
+      /* This is the child process.
+	 Close other end first.  */
+      close (mypipe[1]);
+      read_from_pipe (mypipe[0]);
+      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    }
+  else if (pid < (pid_t) 0)
+    {
+      /* The fork failed.  */
+      fprintf (stderr, "Fork failed.\n");
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* This is the parent process.
+	 Close other end first.  */
+      close (mypipe[0]);
+      write_to_pipe (mypipe[1]);
+      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/popen.c b/libc/manual/examples/popen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b9ee826b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/popen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void
+write_data (FILE * stream)
+{
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+    fprintf (stream, "%d\n", i);
+  if (ferror (stream))
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Output to stream failed.\n");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+}
+
+/*@group*/
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  FILE *output;
+
+  output = popen ("more", "w");
+  if (!output)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr,
+	       "incorrect parameters or too many files.\n");
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  write_data (output);
+  if (pclose (output) != 0)
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr,
+	       "Could not run more or other error.\n");
+    }
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+/*@end group*/
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/rprintf.c b/libc/manual/examples/rprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b8f6bfe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/rprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <printf.h>
+
+/*@group*/
+typedef struct
+{
+  char *name;
+}
+Widget;
+/*@end group*/
+
+int
+print_widget (FILE *stream,
+	      const struct printf_info *info,
+	      const void *const *args)
+{
+  const Widget *w;
+  char *buffer;
+  int len;
+
+  /* Format the output into a string. */
+  w = *((const Widget **) (args[0]));
+  len = asprintf (&buffer, "<Widget %p: %s>", w, w->name);
+  if (len == -1)
+    return -1;
+
+  /* Pad to the minimum field width and print to the stream. */
+  len = fprintf (stream, "%*s",
+		 (info->left ? -info->width : info->width),
+		 buffer);
+
+  /* Clean up and return. */
+  free (buffer);
+  return len;
+}
+
+
+int
+print_widget_arginfo (const struct printf_info *info, size_t n,
+                      int *argtypes)
+{
+  /* We always take exactly one argument and this is a pointer to the
+     structure..  */
+  if (n > 0)
+    argtypes[0] = PA_POINTER;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  /* Make a widget to print. */
+  Widget mywidget;
+  mywidget.name = "mywidget";
+
+  /* Register the print function for widgets. */
+  register_printf_function ('W', print_widget, print_widget_arginfo);
+
+  /* Now print the widget. */
+  printf ("|%W|\n", &mywidget);
+  printf ("|%35W|\n", &mywidget);
+  printf ("|%-35W|\n", &mywidget);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/search.c b/libc/manual/examples/search.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..182e6e4a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/search.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* Define an array of critters to sort. */
+
+struct critter
+  {
+    const char *name;
+    const char *species;
+  };
+
+struct critter muppets[] =
+  {
+    {"Kermit", "frog"},
+    {"Piggy", "pig"},
+    {"Gonzo", "whatever"},
+    {"Fozzie", "bear"},
+    {"Sam", "eagle"},
+    {"Robin", "frog"},
+    {"Animal", "animal"},
+    {"Camilla", "chicken"},
+    {"Sweetums", "monster"},
+    {"Dr. Strangepork", "pig"},
+    {"Link Hogthrob", "pig"},
+    {"Zoot", "human"},
+    {"Dr. Bunsen Honeydew", "human"},
+    {"Beaker", "human"},
+    {"Swedish Chef", "human"}
+  };
+
+int count = sizeof (muppets) / sizeof (struct critter);
+
+
+
+/* This is the comparison function used for sorting and searching. */
+
+int 
+critter_cmp (const struct critter *c1, const struct critter *c2)
+{
+  return strcmp (c1->name, c2->name);
+}
+
+
+/* Print information about a critter. */
+
+void 
+print_critter (const struct critter *c)
+{
+  printf ("%s, the %s\n", c->name, c->species);
+}
+
+
+/*@group*/
+/* Do the lookup into the sorted array. */
+
+void 
+find_critter (const char *name)
+{
+  struct critter target, *result;
+  target.name = name;
+  result = bsearch (&target, muppets, count, sizeof (struct critter),
+		    critter_cmp);
+  if (result)
+    print_critter (result);
+  else
+    printf ("Couldn't find %s.\n", name);
+}
+/*@end group*/
+
+/* Main program. */
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    print_critter (&muppets[i]);
+  printf ("\n");
+
+  qsort (muppets, count, sizeof (struct critter), critter_cmp);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    print_critter (&muppets[i]);
+  printf ("\n");
+
+  find_critter ("Kermit");
+  find_critter ("Gonzo");
+  find_critter ("Janice");
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/select.c b/libc/manual/examples/select.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a65ed7750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/select.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+/*@end group*/
+
+/*@group*/
+int
+input_timeout (int filedes, unsigned int seconds)
+{
+  fd_set set;
+  struct timeval timeout;
+/*@end group*/
+
+  /* Initialize the file descriptor set. */
+  FD_ZERO (&set);
+  FD_SET (filedes, &set);
+
+  /* Initialize the timeout data structure. */
+  timeout.tv_sec = seconds;
+  timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+
+/*@group*/
+  /* @code{select} returns 0 if timeout, 1 if input available, -1 if error. */
+  return TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY (select (FD_SETSIZE,
+				     &set, NULL, NULL,
+				     &timeout));
+}
+/*@end group*/
+
+/*@group*/
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  fprintf (stderr, "select returned %d.\n",
+	   input_timeout (STDIN_FILENO, 5));
+  return 0;
+}
+/*@end group*/
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/setjmp.c b/libc/manual/examples/setjmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..023339c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/setjmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+jmp_buf main_loop;
+
+void 
+abort_to_main_loop (int status)
+{
+  longjmp (main_loop, status);
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  while (1)
+    if (setjmp (main_loop))
+      puts ("Back at main loop....");
+    else
+      do_command ();
+}
+
+
+void 
+do_command (void)
+{
+  char buffer[128];
+  if (fgets (buffer, 128, stdin) == NULL)
+    abort_to_main_loop (-1);
+  else
+    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/sigh1.c b/libc/manual/examples/sigh1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c6e95b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/sigh1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* This flag controls termination of the main loop. */
+volatile sig_atomic_t keep_going = 1;
+
+/* The signal handler just clears the flag and re-enables itself. */
+void 
+catch_alarm (int sig)
+{
+  keep_going = 0;
+  signal (sig, catch_alarm);
+}
+
+void 
+do_stuff (void)
+{
+  puts ("Doing stuff while waiting for alarm....");
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  /* Establish a handler for SIGALRM signals. */
+  signal (SIGALRM, catch_alarm);
+
+  /* Set an alarm to go off in a little while. */
+  alarm (2);
+
+  /* Check the flag once in a while to see when to quit. */
+  while (keep_going)
+    do_stuff ();
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/sigusr.c b/libc/manual/examples/sigusr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11e3ceee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/sigusr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+/*@end group*/
+
+/* When a @code{SIGUSR1} signal arrives, set this variable.  */
+volatile sig_atomic_t usr_interrupt = 0;
+
+void 
+synch_signal (int sig)
+{
+  usr_interrupt = 1;
+}
+
+/* The child process executes this function. */
+void 
+child_function (void)
+{
+  /* Perform initialization. */
+  printf ("I'm here!!!  My pid is %d.\n", (int) getpid ());
+
+  /* Let parent know you're done. */
+  kill (getppid (), SIGUSR1);
+
+  /* Continue with execution. */
+  puts ("Bye, now....");
+  exit (0);
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  struct sigaction usr_action;
+  sigset_t block_mask;
+  pid_t child_id;
+
+  /* Establish the signal handler. */
+  sigfillset (&block_mask);
+  usr_action.sa_handler = synch_signal;
+  usr_action.sa_mask = block_mask;
+  usr_action.sa_flags = 0;
+  sigaction (SIGUSR1, &usr_action, NULL);
+
+  /* Create the child process. */
+  child_id = fork ();
+  if (child_id == 0)
+    child_function ();		/* Does not return.  */
+
+/*@group*/
+  /* Busy wait for the child to send a signal. */
+  while (!usr_interrupt)
+    ;
+/*@end group*/
+
+  /* Now continue execution. */
+  puts ("That's all, folks!");
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/stpcpy.c b/libc/manual/examples/stpcpy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b83226354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/stpcpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char buffer[10];
+  char *to = buffer;
+  to = stpcpy (to, "foo");
+  to = stpcpy (to, "bar");
+  puts (buffer);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/strdupa.c b/libc/manual/examples/strdupa.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d6ef3994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/strdupa.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <paths.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+const char path[] = _PATH_STDPATH;
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char *wr_path = strdupa (path);
+  char *cp = strtok (wr_path, ":");
+
+  while (cp != NULL)
+    {
+      puts (cp);
+      cp = strtok (NULL, ":");
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/strftim.c b/libc/manual/examples/strftim.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f95ef02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/strftim.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define SIZE 256
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char buffer[SIZE];
+  time_t curtime;
+  struct tm *loctime;
+
+  /* Get the current time. */
+  curtime = time (NULL);
+
+  /* Convert it to local time representation. */
+  loctime = localtime (&curtime);
+
+  /* Print out the date and time in the standard format. */
+  fputs (asctime (loctime), stdout);
+
+/*@group*/
+  /* Print it out in a nice format. */
+  strftime (buffer, SIZE, "Today is %A, %B %d.\n", loctime);
+  fputs (buffer, stdout);
+  strftime (buffer, SIZE, "The time is %I:%M %p.\n", loctime);
+  fputs (buffer, stdout);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+/*@end group*/
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/strncat.c b/libc/manual/examples/strncat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f865167f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/strncat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define SIZE 10
+
+static char buffer[SIZE];
+
+main ()
+{
+  strncpy (buffer, "hello", SIZE);
+  puts (buffer);
+  strncat (buffer, ", world", SIZE - strlen (buffer) - 1);
+  puts (buffer);
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/subopt.c b/libc/manual/examples/subopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..287fe8c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/subopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int do_all;
+const char *type;
+int read_size;
+int write_size;
+int read_only;
+
+enum
+{
+  RO_OPTION = 0,
+  RW_OPTION,
+  READ_SIZE_OPTION,
+  WRITE_SIZE_OPTION,
+  THE_END
+};
+
+const char *mount_opts[] =
+{
+  [RO_OPTION] = "ro",
+  [RW_OPTION] = "rw",
+  [READ_SIZE_OPTION] = "rsize",
+  [WRITE_SIZE_OPTION] = "wsize",
+  [THE_END] = NULL
+};
+
+int
+main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+  char *subopts, *value;
+  int opt;
+
+  while ((opt = getopt (argc, argv, "at:o:")) != -1)
+    switch (opt)
+      {
+      case 'a':
+        do_all = 1;
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        type = optarg;
+        break;
+      case 'o':
+        subopts = optarg;
+        while (*subopts != '\0')
+          switch (getsubopt (&subopts, mount_opts, &value))
+            {
+            case RO_OPTION:
+              read_only = 1;
+              break;
+            case RW_OPTION:
+              read_only = 0;
+              break;
+            case READ_SIZE_OPTION:
+              if (value == NULL)
+                abort ();
+              read_size = atoi (value);
+              break;
+            case WRITE_SIZE_OPTION:
+              if (value == NULL)
+                abort ();
+              write_size = atoi (value);
+              break;
+            default:
+              /* Unknown suboption.  */
+              printf ("Unknown suboption `%s'\n", value);
+              break;
+            }
+        break;
+      default:
+        abort ();
+      }
+
+  /* Do the real work.  */
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/swapcontext.c b/libc/manual/examples/swapcontext.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f733510f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/swapcontext.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+/* Set by the signal handler.  */
+static volatile int expired;
+
+/* The contexts.  */
+static ucontext_t uc[3];
+
+/* We do only a certain number of switches.  */
+static int switches;
+
+
+/* This is the function doing the work.  It is just a
+   skeleton, real code has to be filled in.  */
+static void
+f (int n)
+{
+  int m = 0;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      /* This is where the work would be done.  */
+      if (++m % 100 == 0)
+        {
+          putchar ('.');
+          fflush (stdout);
+        }
+
+      /* Regularly the @var{expire} variable must be checked.  */
+      if (expired)
+        {
+          /* We do not want the program to run forever.  */
+          if (++switches == 20)
+            return;
+
+          printf ("\nswitching from %d to %d\n", n, 3 - n);
+          expired = 0;
+          /* Switch to the other context, saving the current one.  */
+          swapcontext (&uc[n], &uc[3 - n]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* This is the signal handler which simply set the variable.  */
+void
+handler (int signal)
+{
+  expired = 1;
+}
+
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  struct sigaction sa;
+  struct itimerval it;
+  char st1[8192];
+  char st2[8192];
+
+  /* Initialize the data structures for the interval timer.  */
+  sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+  sigfillset (&sa.sa_mask);
+  sa.sa_handler = handler;
+  it.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+  it.it_interval.tv_usec = 1;
+  it.it_value = it.it_interval;
+
+  /* Install the timer and get the context we can manipulate.  */
+  if (sigaction (SIGPROF, &sa, NULL) < 0
+      || setitimer (ITIMER_PROF, &it, NULL) < 0
+      || getcontext (&uc[1]) == -1
+      || getcontext (&uc[2]) == -1)
+    abort ();
+
+  /* Create a context with a separate stack which causes the
+     function @code{f} to be call with the parameter @code{1}.
+     Note that the @code{uc_link} points to the main context
+     which will cause the program to terminate once the function
+     return.  */
+  uc[1].uc_link = &uc[0];
+  uc[1].uc_stack.ss_sp = st1;
+  uc[1].uc_stack.ss_size = sizeof st1;
+  makecontext (&uc[1], (void (*) (void)) f, 1, 1);
+
+  /* Similarly, but @code{2} is passed as the parameter to @code{f}.  */
+  uc[2].uc_link = &uc[0];
+  uc[2].uc_stack.ss_sp = st2;
+  uc[2].uc_stack.ss_size = sizeof st2;
+  makecontext (&uc[2], (void (*) (void)) f, 1, 2);
+
+  /* Start running.  */
+  swapcontext (&uc[0], &uc[1]);
+  putchar ('\n');
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/termios.c b/libc/manual/examples/termios.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6db5990a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/termios.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+
+/* Use this variable to remember original terminal attributes. */
+
+struct termios saved_attributes;
+
+void 
+reset_input_mode (void)
+{
+  tcsetattr (STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &saved_attributes);
+}
+
+void 
+set_input_mode (void)
+{
+  struct termios tattr;
+  char *name;
+
+  /* Make sure stdin is a terminal. */
+  if (!isatty (STDIN_FILENO))
+    {
+      fprintf (stderr, "Not a terminal.\n");
+      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Save the terminal attributes so we can restore them later. */
+  tcgetattr (STDIN_FILENO, &saved_attributes);
+  atexit (reset_input_mode);
+
+/*@group*/
+  /* Set the funny terminal modes. */
+  tcgetattr (STDIN_FILENO, &tattr);
+  tattr.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON|ECHO); /* Clear ICANON and ECHO.  */
+  tattr.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+  tattr.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+  tcsetattr (STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &tattr);
+}
+/*@end group*/
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  char c;
+
+  set_input_mode ();
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      read (STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1);
+      if (c == '\004')		/* @kbd{C-d} */
+	break;
+      else
+	putchar (c);
+    }
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/testopt.c b/libc/manual/examples/testopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44ca8e4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/testopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*@group*/
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int aflag = 0;
+  int bflag = 0;
+  char *cvalue = NULL;
+  int index;
+  int c;
+
+  opterr = 0;
+/*@end group*/
+
+/*@group*/
+  while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:")) != -1)
+    switch (c)
+      {
+      case 'a':
+        aflag = 1;
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        bflag = 1;
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+        cvalue = optarg;
+        break;
+      case '?':
+        if (optopt == 'c')
+          fprintf (stderr, "Option -%c requires an argument.\n", optopt);
+        else if (isprint (optopt))
+          fprintf (stderr, "Unknown option `-%c'.\n", optopt);
+        else
+          fprintf (stderr,
+                   "Unknown option character `\\x%x'.\n",
+                   optopt);
+        return 1;
+      default:
+        abort ();
+      }
+/*@end group*/
+
+/*@group*/
+  printf ("aflag = %d, bflag = %d, cvalue = %s\n",
+	  aflag, bflag, cvalue);
+
+  for (index = optind; index < argc; index++)
+    printf ("Non-option argument %s\n", argv[index]);
+  return 0;
+}
+/*@end group*/
diff --git a/libc/manual/examples/testpass.c b/libc/manual/examples/testpass.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bd616d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libc/manual/examples/testpass.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <crypt.h>
+
+int 
+main(void)
+{
+  /* Hashed form of "GNU libc manual".  */
+  const char *const pass = "$1$/iSaq7rB$EoUw5jJPPvAPECNaaWzMK/";
+
+  char *result;
+  int ok;
+  
+/*@group*/
+  /* Read in the user's password and encrypt it,
+     passing the expected password in as the salt.  */
+  result = crypt(getpass("Password:"), pass);
+/*@end group*/
+
+  /* Test the result.  */
+  ok = strcmp (result, pass) == 0;
+
+  puts(ok ? "Access granted." : "Access denied.");
+  return ok ? 0 : 1;
+}