Add linker warning for when it creates an executable stack.

   PR 29072

77 files changed, 264 insertions, 46 deletions

diff --git a/bfd/elflink.c b/bfd/elflink.c
index 5a070a26e3..d6dd9c16a2 100644
--- a/bfd/elflink.c
+++ b/bfd/elflink.c
@@ -7124,13 +7124,23 @@ bfd_elf_size_dynamic_sections (bfd *output_bfd,
   /* Determine any GNU_STACK segment requirements, after the backend
      has had a chance to set a default segment size.  */
   if (info->execstack)
-    elf_stack_flags (output_bfd) = PF_R | PF_W | PF_X;
+    {
+      /* If the user has explicitly requested warnings, then generate one even
+	 though the choice is the result of another command line option.  */
+      if (info->warn_execstack == 1)
+	_bfd_error_handler
+	  (_("\
+warning: enabling an executable stack because of -z execstack command line option"));
+      elf_stack_flags (output_bfd) = PF_R | PF_W | PF_X;
+    }
   else if (info->noexecstack)
     elf_stack_flags (output_bfd) = PF_R | PF_W;
   else
     {
       bfd *inputobj;
       asection *notesec = NULL;
+      bfd *noteobj = NULL;
+      bfd *emptyobj = NULL;
       int exec = 0;
 
       for (inputobj = info->input_bfds;
@@ -7149,15 +7159,45 @@ bfd_elf_size_dynamic_sections (bfd *output_bfd,
 	  s = bfd_get_section_by_name (inputobj, ".note.GNU-stack");
 	  if (s)
 	    {
-	      if (s->flags & SEC_CODE)
-		exec = PF_X;
 	      notesec = s;
+	      if (s->flags & SEC_CODE)
+		{
+		  noteobj = inputobj;
+		  exec = PF_X;
+		  /* There is no point in scanning the remaining bfds.  */
+		  break;
+		}
 	    }
 	  else if (bed->default_execstack)
-	    exec = PF_X;
+	    {
+	      exec = PF_X;
+	      emptyobj = inputobj;
+	    }
 	}
+
       if (notesec || info->stacksize > 0)
-	elf_stack_flags (output_bfd) = PF_R | PF_W | exec;
+	{
+	  if (exec)
+	    {
+	      if (info->warn_execstack != 2)
+		{
+		  /* PR 29072: Because an executable stack is a serious
+		     security risk, make sure that the user knows that it is
+		     being enabled despite the fact that it was not requested
+		     on the command line.  */
+		  if (noteobj)
+		    _bfd_error_handler (_("\
+warning: %s: requires executable stack (because the .note.GNU-stack section is executable)"),
+		       bfd_get_filename (noteobj));
+		  else if (emptyobj)
+		    _bfd_error_handler (_("\
+warning: %s: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack"),
+		       bfd_get_filename (emptyobj));
+		}
+	    }
+	  elf_stack_flags (output_bfd) = PF_R | PF_W | exec;
+	}
+
       if (notesec && exec && bfd_link_relocatable (info)
 	  && notesec->output_section != bfd_abs_section_ptr)
 	notesec->output_section->flags |= SEC_CODE;
diff --git a/include/bfdlink.h b/include/bfdlink.h
index 69fc9d33ff..b16f3f44ca 100644
--- a/include/bfdlink.h
+++ b/include/bfdlink.h
@@ -489,6 +489,10 @@ struct bfd_link_info
      flags.  */
   unsigned int noexecstack: 1;
 
+  /* Tri-state variable: 0 => not set by user; 1 => set, warnings
+     enabled; 2 => warnings disabled; 3 => unused.  */
+  unsigned int warn_execstack: 2;
+
   /* TRUE if we want to produced optimized output files.  This might
      need much more time and therefore must be explicitly selected.  */
   unsigned int optimize: 1;
diff --git a/ld/NEWS b/ld/NEWS
index 76de7f606c..b84553109d 100644
--- a/ld/NEWS
+++ b/ld/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 -*- text -*-
 
+* The linker will now generate a warning message if the stack is made
+  executable.  By default this warning is not issued if the user has
+  specifically requested an executable stack via the "-z execstack"
+  command line option, but the warning can be forced via the new
+  "--warn-execstack" option.  Alternatively all warnings about creating
+  an executable stack can be suppressed via the "--no-warn-execstack"
+  option.
+
 * TYPE=<type> is now supported in an output section description to set the
   section type value.
 
diff --git a/ld/emultempl/avrelf.em b/ld/emultempl/avrelf.em
index 555d259d7b..617bfef558 100644
--- a/ld/emultempl/avrelf.em
+++ b/ld/emultempl/avrelf.em
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ avr_elf_create_output_section_statements (void)
       einfo (_("%X%P: can not create stub BFD: %E\n"));
       return;
     }
+  stub_file->the_bfd->flags |= BFD_LINKER_CREATED;
 
   /* Now we add the stub section.  */
 
diff --git a/ld/ld.texi b/ld/ld.texi
index c8335a7e41..6ac5344ebf 100644
--- a/ld/ld.texi
+++ b/ld/ld.texi
@@ -2653,6 +2653,33 @@ Warn if any global constructors are used.  This is only useful for a few
 object file formats.  For formats like COFF or ELF, the linker can not
 detect the use of global constructors.
 
+@kindex --warn-execstack
+@cindex warnings, on exectuable stack
+@cindex executable stack, warnings on
+@item --warn-execstack
+@itemx --no-warn-execstack
+On ELF platforms this option controls how the linker generates warning
+messages when it creates an output file with an executable stack.  By
+default the linker will not warn if the @command{-z execstack} command
+line option has been used, but this behaviour can be overridden by the
+@option{--warn-execstack} option.
+
+On the other hand the linker will normally warn if the stack is made
+executable because one or more of the input files need an execuable
+stack and neither of the @command{-z execstack} or @command{-z
+noexecstack} comman line options have been specified.  This warning
+can be disabled via the @command{--no-warn-execstack} option.
+
+Note: ELF format input files specify that they need an executable
+stack by having a @var{.note.GNU-stack} section with the executable
+bit set in its section flags.  They can specify that they do not need
+an executable stack by having that section, but without the executable
+flag bit set.  If an input file does not have a @var{.note.GNU-stack}
+section present then the default behaviour is target specific.  For
+some targets, then absence of such a section implies that an
+executable stack @emph{is} required.  This is often a problem for hand
+crafted assembler files.
+
 @kindex --warn-multiple-gp
 @item --warn-multiple-gp
 Warn if multiple global pointer values are required in the output file.
diff --git a/ld/ldlex.h b/ld/ldlex.h
index bc58fea73c..1d42dc8672 100644
--- a/ld/ldlex.h
+++ b/ld/ldlex.h
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ enum option_values
   OPTION_CTF_VARIABLES,
   OPTION_NO_CTF_VARIABLES,
   OPTION_CTF_SHARE_TYPES,
+  OPTION_WARN_EXECSTACK,
+  OPTION_NO_WARN_EXECSTACK,
 };
 
 /* The initial parser states.  */
diff --git a/ld/lexsup.c b/ld/lexsup.c
index 5acc47ed5a..2929fecb60 100644
--- a/ld/lexsup.c
+++ b/ld/lexsup.c
@@ -536,6 +536,10 @@ static const struct ld_option ld_options[] =
   { {"warn-constructors", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN_CONSTRUCTORS},
     '\0', NULL, N_("Warn if global constructors/destructors are seen"),
     TWO_DASHES },
+  { {"warn-execstack", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN_EXECSTACK},
+    '\0', NULL, N_("Warn when creating an executable stack"), TWO_DASHES },
+  { {"no-warn-execstack", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NO_WARN_EXECSTACK},
+    '\0', NULL, N_("Do not warn when creating an executable stack"), TWO_DASHES },
   { {"warn-multiple-gp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN_MULTIPLE_GP},
     '\0', NULL, N_("Warn if the multiple GP values are used"), TWO_DASHES },
   { {"warn-once", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_WARN_ONCE},
@@ -915,6 +919,12 @@ parse_args (unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	case OPTION_NON_CONTIGUOUS_REGIONS_WARNINGS:
 	  link_info.non_contiguous_regions_warnings = true;
 	  break;
+	case OPTION_WARN_EXECSTACK:
+	  link_info.warn_execstack = 1;
+	  break;
+	case OPTION_NO_WARN_EXECSTACK:
+	  link_info.warn_execstack = 2;
+	  break;
 	case 'e':
 	  lang_add_entry (optarg, true);
 	  break;
@@ -2150,6 +2160,10 @@ elf_static_list_options (FILE *file)
   fprintf (file, _("\
   -z noexecstack              Mark executable as not requiring executable stack\n"));
   fprintf (file, _("\
+  --warn-execstack            Generate a warning if the stack is executable\n"));
+  fprintf (file, _("\
+  --no-warn-execstack         Do not generate a warning if the stack is executable\n"));
+  fprintf (file, _("\
   -z unique-symbol            Avoid duplicated local symbol names\n"));
   fprintf (file, _("\
   -z nounique-symbol          Keep duplicated local symbol names (default)\n"));
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/eh4.d b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/eh4.d
index f33431a8b7..95abafbf9c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/eh4.d
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/eh4.d
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #source: eh4.s
 #source: eh4a.s
 #as: --64
-#ld: -melf_x86_64 -shared -Ttext 0x400 -z max-page-size=0x200000 -z noseparate-code
+#ld: -melf_x86_64 -shared -Ttext 0x400 -z max-page-size=0x200000 -z noseparate-code -z noexecstack
 #readelf: -wf
 #target: x86_64-*-*
 
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/elf.exp b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/elf.exp
index 119908cda4..ec61e659e0 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/elf.exp
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/elf.exp
@@ -180,9 +180,24 @@ if { [check_gc_sections_available] && ![istarget "v850-*-*"] } {
     }
 }
 
-if { [istarget *-*-*linux*]
-     || [istarget *-*-nacl*]
-     || [istarget *-*-gnu*] } {
+proc target_defaults_to_execstack {} {
+    if {   [istarget "aarch64*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "arc*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "ia64*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "loongarch*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "nios2*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "powerpc64*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "riscv*-*-*"]
+	|| [istarget "tilegx*-*-*"]
+        || [istarget "tilepro*-*-*"] } {
+	  return 0
+    }
+    return 1
+}
+
+if {   [istarget *-*-*linux*]
+    || [istarget *-*-nacl*]
+    || [istarget *-*-gnu*] } {
     run_ld_link_tests [list \
 	[list "stack exec" \
 	    "-z execstack" \
@@ -199,7 +214,7 @@ if { [istarget *-*-*linux*]
 	    {{readelf {-Wl} stack-noexec.rd}} \
 	    "stack-noexec.exe"] \
 	[list "stack size" \
-	    "-z stack-size=0x123400" \
+	    "-z stack-size=0x123400 -z noexecstack" \
 	    "" \
 	    "" \
 	    {stack.s} \
@@ -212,7 +227,49 @@ if { [istarget *-*-*linux*]
 	    {pr23900-1.s} \
 	    [list [list "readelf" {-Wl} $pr23900_1_exp]] \
 	    "pr23900-1.exe"] \
+	[list "PR ld/29072 (warn about an executable .note-GNU-stack)" \
+	    "-e 0" \
+	    "" \
+	    "" \
+	    {pr29072-a.s} \
+	    {{ld pr29072.a.warn}} \
+	    "pr29072-a.exe"] \
+	[list "PR 29072 (warn about -z execstack)" \
+	    "-z execstack --warn-execstack" \
+	    "" \
+	    "" \
+	    {stack.s} \
+	     {{ld pr29072.c.warn}} \
+	    "pr29072-c.exe"] \
+	[list "PR ld/29072 (suppress warnings about executable stack)" \
+	    "-e 0 --no-warn-execstack" \
+	    "" \
+	    "" \
+	    {pr29072-a.s} \
+	    {} \
+	    "pr29072-d.exe"] \
+	]
+    if { [target_defaults_to_execstack] } {
+	run_ld_link_tests [list \
+          [list "PR ld/29072 (warn about absent .note-GNU-stack)" \
+	    "-e 0 -z stack-size=0x123400" \
+	    "" \
+	    "" \
+	    {pr29072-b.s} \
+	    {{ld pr29072.b.warn}} \
+	    "pr29072-b.exe"] \
 	]
+    } else {
+	run_ld_link_tests [list \
+          [list "PR ld/29072 (ignore absent .note-GNU-stackk)" \
+	    "-e 0 -z stack-size=0x123400" \
+	    "" \
+	    "" \
+	    {pr29072-b.s} \
+	    {} \
+	    "pr29072-b.exe"] \
+	]
+    }
 }
 
 if [check_gc_sections_available] {
@@ -365,7 +422,7 @@ if { [istarget *-*-linux*]
     run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
 	[list \
 	    "Run mbind2a" \
-	    "$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,-z,common-page-size=0x4000" \
+	    "$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,-z,common-page-size=0x4000 -Wl,-z,noexecstack" \
 	    "" \
 	    { mbind2a.s mbind2b.c } \
 	    "mbind2a" \
@@ -374,7 +431,7 @@ if { [istarget *-*-linux*]
 	] \
 	[list \
 	    "Run mbind2b" \
-	    "-static -Wl,-z,common-page-size=0x4000" \
+	    "-static -Wl,-z,common-page-size=0x4000 -Wl,-z,noexecstack" \
 	    "" \
 	    { mbind2a.s mbind2b.c } \
 	    "mbind2b" \
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/linux-x86.exp b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/linux-x86.exp
index 2e0cbd37f1..e3f20189e4 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/linux-x86.exp
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/linux-x86.exp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ run_ld_link_tests [list \
 run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
     [list \
 	"Run PR ld/23428 test" \
-	"--no-dynamic-linker -z separate-code" \
+	"--no-dynamic-linker -z separate-code -z noexecstack" \
 	"" \
 	{ linux-x86.S pr23428.c dummy.s } \
 	"pr23428" \
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ run_ld_link_tests [list \
 run_cc_link_tests [list \
     [list \
 	"Build indirect-extern-access-1.so" \
-	"-shared" \
+	"-shared -z noexecstack" \
 	"-fPIC" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access-1a.c } \
 	{} \
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Build indirect-extern-access-1a without PIE" \
-	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,--no-as-needed  \
+	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,--no-as-needed -z noexecstack \
 	 tmpdir/indirect-extern-access-1.so" \
 	"$NOPIE_CFLAGS" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-1b.c } \
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Build indirect-extern-access-2a without PIE" \
-	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,--no-as-needed  \
+	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -Wl,--no-as-needed -z noexecstack \
 	 tmpdir/indirect-extern-access-2.so" \
 	"$NOPIE_CFLAGS" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-1b.c } \
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Build indirect-extern-access-2b with PIE" \
-	"-pie -Wl,--no-as-needed  \
+	"-pie -Wl,--no-as-needed -z noexecstack \
 	 tmpdir/indirect-extern-access-2.so" \
 	"-fpie" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-2b.c } \
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests [list \
 run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
     [list \
 	"Run indirect-extern-access-1a without PIE" \
-	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS" \
+	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -z noexecstack" \
 	"" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-1b.c } \
 	"indirect-extern-access-1a" \
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Run indirect-extern-access-1b with PIE" \
-	"-pie" \
+	"-pie -z noexecstack" \
 	"" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-1b.c } \
 	"indirect-extern-access-1b" \
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Run indirect-extern-access-2a without PIE" \
-	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS" \
+	"$NOPIE_LDFLAGS -z noexecstack" \
 	"" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-2b.c } \
 	"indirect-extern-access-2a" \
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
     ] \
     [list \
 	"Run indirect-extern-access-2b with PIE" \
-	"-pie" \
+	"-pie -z noexecstack" \
 	"" \
 	{ indirect-extern-access.S indirect-extern-access-2b.c } \
 	"indirect-extern-access-2b" \
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ proc check_pr25749a {testname srcfilea srcfileb cflags ldflags lderror} {
 	run_cc_link_tests [list \
 	    [list \
 		"Build $testname ($ldflags $cflags)" \
-		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o" \
+		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o -z noexecstack" \
 		"$cflags -I../bfd" \
 		[list $srcfilea $srcfileb]\
 		{{readelf {-Wr} pr25749.rd}}  \
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ proc check_pr25749a {testname srcfilea srcfileb cflags ldflags lderror} {
 	run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
 	    [list \
 		"Run ${testname}a ($ldflags $cflags)" \
-		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o" \
+		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o -z noexecstack" \
 		"" \
 		[list $srcfilea $srcfileb]\
 		"${testname}a" \
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ proc check_pr25749a {testname srcfilea srcfileb cflags ldflags lderror} {
 	run_cc_link_tests [list \
 	    [list \
 		"Build $testname ($ldflags $cflags)" \
-		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o" \
+		"$ldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o -z noexecstack" \
 		"$cflags -I../bfd" \
 		[list $srcfilea $srcfileb]\
 		[list [list error_output $lderror]] \
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ proc check_pr25749b {testname srcfilea srcfileb cflags ldflags dsoldflags args}
     run_cc_link_tests [list \
 	[list \
 	    "Build lib${testname}.so ($dsoldflags)" \
-	    "-shared $dsoldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o" \
+	    "-shared $dsoldflags tmpdir/pr25749-bin.o -z noexecstack" \
 	    "-fPIC -I../bfd" \
 	    [list $srcfileb] \
 	    {{readelf {-Wr} pr25749.rd}}  \
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ proc check_pr25749b {testname srcfilea srcfileb cflags ldflags dsoldflags args}
     run_ld_link_exec_tests [list \
 	[list \
 	    "Run ${testname}b ($ldflags $cflags)" \
-	    "$ldflags -Wl,--no-as-needed tmpdir/lib${testname}.so" \
+	    "$ldflags -Wl,--no-as-needed tmpdir/lib${testname}.so -z noexecstack" \
 	    "" \
 	    [list $srcfilea]\
 	    "${testname}b" \
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-a.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-a.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12ba994e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-a.s
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+	.text
+	.global main
+main:
+	.nop
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"x",%progbits
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-b.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-b.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99df33210e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072-b.s
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+	.text
+	.globl	foo
+foo:
+	.nop
+
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.a.warn b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.a.warn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aecff233da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.a.warn
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.*: warning: .*\.o: requires executable stack \(because the \.note\.GNU-stack section is executable\)
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.b.warn b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.b.warn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08f1188792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.b.warn
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.*: warning: .*\.o: missing \.note\.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.c.warn b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.c.warn
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e058be43e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/pr29072.c.warn
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.*: warning: enabling an executable stack because of -z execstack command line option
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/shared.exp b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/shared.exp
index 1381544e6f..06c3202d5c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/shared.exp
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-elf/shared.exp
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests [list \
 if { ![istarget alpha-*-*] } {
     append build_tests {
 	{"Build pr19073a.o"
-	 "-r -nostdlib" ""
+	 "-r -nostdlib -z noexecstack" ""
 	 {pr19073.s} {} "pr19073a.o"}
 	{"Build libpr19073.so"
 	 "-shared -Wl,--version-script=pr19073.map tmpdir/pr19073a.o" "-fPIC"
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic1.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic1.s
index 29f7fff870..fa8aa48242 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic1.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic1.s
@@ -62,3 +62,4 @@ D1:
 .D4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(.Fb)
 	.word	.Fb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic2.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic2.s
index 29876436d3..aa42c2980d 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic2.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic2.s
@@ -79,3 +79,4 @@ GD3:
 GD4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(GFb)
 	.word	GFb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic3.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic3.s
index f867b93d9a..5fa5b0200a 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic3.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic3.s
@@ -97,3 +97,4 @@ HD3:
 HD4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(HFb)
 	.word	HFb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic4.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic4.s
index 795ae45516..c877407c15 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic4.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic4.s
@@ -97,3 +97,4 @@ PD3:
 PD4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(PFb)
 	.word	PFb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic5.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic5.s
index f4d466a82e..d4fd8930d8 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic5.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic5.s
@@ -36,3 +36,4 @@ D5:
 	
 	.picptr funcdesc(UFb)
 	.word	UFb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic6.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic6.s
index cd8e1d0e35..f2befde5ff 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic6.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic6.s
@@ -53,3 +53,4 @@ D6:
 	
 	.picptr funcdesc(WFb)
 	.word	WFb
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic7.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic7.s
index ceac5fcd7b..60a345299c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic7.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic7.s
@@ -61,3 +61,4 @@ D7:
 .D4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(.Fb+4)
 	.word	.Fb+4
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic8.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic8.s
index 037250fae8..d881f887dd 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic8.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/fdpic8.s
@@ -79,3 +79,4 @@ GD3:
 GD4:
 	.picptr funcdesc(GFb+4)
 	.word	GFb+4
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1-dep.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1-dep.s
index 75daab732b..aa5004b22b 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1-dep.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1-dep.s
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
         .size   x, 4
 x:
         .zero   4
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1.s
index a13c91bc2d..213acf0ae3 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-1.s
@@ -83,3 +83,5 @@ _start:
 	sethi.p	#gottlsoffhi(0), gr14
 	setlo	#gottlsofflo(0), gr14
 	ld	#tlsoff(0)@(gr15, gr14), gr9
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-2.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-2.s
index f0712e32b9..28a2930c96 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-2.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-2.s
@@ -181,3 +181,5 @@ _start:
 	setlo	#gottlsofflo(i+1+4096), gr8
 	ld	#tlsoff(i+1+4096)@(gr15, gr8), gr9
 .endif
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-3.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-3.s
index 6dd7972837..59928884e9 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-3.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-frv/tls-3.s
@@ -18,3 +18,5 @@ _start:
 	sethi.p	#gottlsoffhi(u), gr14
 	setlo	#gottlsofflo(u), gr14
 	ld	#tlsoff(u)@(gr15, gr14), gr9
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-gc/dummy.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-gc/dummy.s
index 403f98000d..66d3b2a885 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-gc/dummy.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-gc/dummy.s
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 # Dummy
+	.section	".note.GNU-stack"
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-i386/i386.exp b/ld/testsuite/ld-i386/i386.exp
index fadbd16042..471a1f7954 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-i386/i386.exp
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-i386/i386.exp
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ set i386tests {
      "--32 -mx86-used-note=yes"
      { pr19827a.S }  {{readelf {-rW} pr19827.rd}} "pr19827.so"}
     {"Build pr27193a.so"
-     "-melf_i386 -shared" ""
+     "-melf_i386 -shared -z noexecstack" ""
      "--32"
      { pr27193a.o.bz2 pr27193b.s }
      {{objdump {-dw} pr27193.dd}} "pr27193a.so"}
     {"Build pr27193b.so"
-     "-melf_i386 -shared --reduce-memory-overheads" ""
+     "-melf_i386 -shared --reduce-memory-overheads -z noexecstack" ""
      "--32"
      { pr27193a.o.bz2 pr27193b.s }
      {{objdump {-dw} pr27193.dd}} "pr27193b.so"}
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-3r.d b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-3r.d
index fd1bfd2686..ce9562393d 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-3r.d
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-3r.d
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ld: -r tmpdir/lto-3b.o
+#ld: -r tmpdir/lto-3b.o -z noexecstack
 #source: dummy.s
 #nm: -p
 
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-5r.d b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-5r.d
index c35e2bc338..dba30bfd33 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-5r.d
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto-5r.d
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#ld: -r tmpdir/lto-5a.o tmpdir/lto-5b.o
+#ld: -r tmpdir/lto-5a.o tmpdir/lto-5b.o -z noexecstack
 #source: dummy.s
 #nm: -p
 
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto.exp b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto.exp
index f4ea1d4853..33af6c45a4 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto.exp
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-plugin/lto.exp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ set lto_link_tests [list \
    "" "-flto -O2 $lto_fat $NOSANITIZE_CFLAGS" \
    {pr12758b.c} {} "libpr12758.a"] \
   [list "PR ld/12758" \
-   "$NOPIE_LDFLAGS $NOSANITIZE_CFLAGS -O2 -Wl,-e,foo -nostdlib -flto -fuse-linker-plugin tmpdir/pr12758a.o -Wl,--start-group tmpdir/libpr12758.a -Wl,--end-group" \
+   "$NOPIE_LDFLAGS $NOSANITIZE_CFLAGS -O2 -Wl,-e,foo -nostdlib -flto -fuse-linker-plugin tmpdir/pr12758a.o -Wl,--start-group tmpdir/libpr12758.a -Wl,--end-group -z noexecstack" \
    "$NOSANITIZE_CFLAGS" \
    {dummy.c} {} "pr12758.exe"] \
   [list "Build libpr13183.a" \
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ run_cc_link_tests $lto_link_symbol_tests
 
 run_ld_link_tests [list \
   [list "PR ld/19317 (2)" \
-   "-r tmpdir/pr19317.o" "" "" \
+   "-r tmpdir/pr19317.o -z noexecstack" "" "" \
    {dummy.s} {} "pr19317-r.o"] \
 ]
 
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/got-reloc-global.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/got-reloc-global.s
index 054c297790..e6fb809a0f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/got-reloc-global.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/got-reloc-global.s
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@
 	.type	a, @object
 	.size	a, 4
 a:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.rd
index 9ad2396170..cf1f34689f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001fc 0x001fc RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x00130 0x00134 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001154 0x00008154 0x00008154 0x000a8 0x000a8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.s
index cb065a2910..058bcbc69f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1.s
@@ -42,3 +42,4 @@ g2:
 
 	.hidden c
 	.scomm	c,4,4
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1b.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1b.rd
index 9ad2396170..cf1f34689f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1b.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1b.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001fc 0x001fc RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x00130 0x00134 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001154 0x00008154 0x00008154 0x000a8 0x000a8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1r.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1r.rd
index 9ad2396170..cf1f34689f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1r.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1r.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001fc 0x001fc RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x00130 0x00134 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001154 0x00008154 0x00008154 0x000a8 0x000a8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1rb.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1rb.rd
index 9ad2396170..cf1f34689f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1rb.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-1rb.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001fc 0x001fc RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x00130 0x00134 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001154 0x00008154 0x00008154 0x000a8 0x000a8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-2.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-2.s
index 3d786dd298..e6eba01c93 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-2.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-2.s
@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ sub:
 		ldw .d2t2 *+B14(c), B9
 		nop	1
 	.size	sub, .-sub
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.rd
index 607d2709b3..fb3a080f2c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.rd
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x00208 0x00208 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000cc 0x000d0 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001150 0x00008150 0x00008150 0x000b8 0x000b8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.s
index fe254bba3a..3bb00079f8 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1.s
@@ -29,3 +29,4 @@ b:
 w:
 	.long	g1
 	.long	g2
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1b.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1b.rd
index 68d2076857..3a5d217830 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1b.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1b.rd
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x00208 0x00208 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000cc 0x000d0 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001150 0x00008150 0x00008150 0x000b8 0x000b8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.rd
index 82502afb0d..288400b1bb 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001c4 0x001c4 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000c4 0x000c8 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x00110c 0x0000810c 0x0000810c 0x000b8 0x000b8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.s
index a6de9000e3..4928804ed0 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1r.s
@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ fish:
 	.size	b, 4
 b:
 	.long	0x12345678
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1rb.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1rb.rd
index 8d13fb2c2c..058261db8c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1rb.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-app-1rb.rd
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001c4 0x001c4 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000c4 0x000c8 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x00110c 0x0000810c 0x0000810c 0x000b8 0x000b8 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-noindex.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-noindex.rd
index f087d15bff..52e433424f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-noindex.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/shlib-noindex.rd
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x00210 0x00210 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x00130 0x00134 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001160 0x00008160 0x00008160 0x000b0 0x000b0 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1.rd
index 36c4810991..6cb86cd4b7 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1.rd
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001b8 0x001b8 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000f4 0x000f8 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001128 0x00008128 0x00008128 0x00090 0x00090 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1b.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1b.rd
index 36c4810991..6cb86cd4b7 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1b.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1b.rd
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001b8 0x001b8 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000f4 0x000f8 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001128 0x00008128 0x00008128 0x00090 0x00090 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1r.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1r.rd
index b04e327207..8d9d11937b 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1r.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1r.rd
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001a0 0x001a0 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000ec 0x000f0 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001110 0x00008110 0x00008110 0x00090 0x00090 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1rb.rd b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1rb.rd
index b04e327207..8d9d11937b 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1rb.rd
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-tic6x/static-app-1rb.rd
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Program Headers:
   LOAD           0x001000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x001a0 0x001a0 RW  0x1000
   LOAD           0x002000 0x10000000 0x10000000 0x000ec 0x000f0 RWE 0x1000
   DYNAMIC        0x001110 0x00008110 0x00008110 0x00090 0x00090 RW  0x4
-  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RWE 0x8
+  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x20000 RW  0x8
 
  Section to Segment mapping:
   Segment Sections\.\.\.
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique.s
index cd5e64e60d..2ad41c2520 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique.s
@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ a_val:	.long 0
         .global main
 main:
         .long 0
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,""
+
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_empty.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_empty.s
index 4896641b50..71d5b86249 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_empty.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_empty.s
@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@
         .global main
 main:
 	.dc.a b_val
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_shared.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_shared.s
index f1914f3393..359b13eb80 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_shared.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-unique/unique_shared.s
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 	.type b_val, %gnu_unique_object
 b_val:	.long 0
 	.size b_val, .-b_val
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/dummy.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/dummy.s
index 403f98000d..66d3b2a885 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/dummy.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/dummy.s
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 # Dummy
+	.section	".note.GNU-stack"
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/foo.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/foo.s
index 461bfa4314..01618d36d5 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/foo.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/foo.s
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 	.globl foo
 foo:
 	mov %eax, %ebx
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1a.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1a.S
index 58dfbb1dd8..62050e6a4c 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1a.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1a.S
@@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ main:
 	addq	$8, %rsp
 	jmp	*myexit@GOTPCREL(%rip)
 	.size	main, .-main
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1d.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1d.S
index 4b01499926..84a0c5d490 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1d.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/gotpcrel1d.S
@@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ __FUNCTION__.2219:
 	.size	__FUNCTION__.2215, 4
 __FUNCTION__.2215:
 	.string	"bar"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19031b.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19031b.S
index ccc9125872..7bc8b31f77 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19031b.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19031b.S
@@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ h:
 	.data
 zed:
         .long f - .
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319a.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319a.S
index 438d7a5284..01eca1b85a 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319a.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319a.S
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ foo:
 	.align 8
 	.long	4660
 	.long	22136
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319b.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319b.S
index c9285c07c1..73b8e89de6 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319b.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19319b.S
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ _start:
 	.align 8
 	.long	4660
 	.long	22136
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827a.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827a.S
index cdf1d4b8a3..43241f5224 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827a.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827a.S
@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@ _start:
 	.globl foo
 foo:
 	.byte 0
+
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827b.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827b.S
index bb46e1d59f..897c149ce2 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827b.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19827b.S
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 	.data
 	.dc.a foo
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969a.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969a.S
index f318401e69..9038436a62 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969a.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969a.S
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 	.size	foo, 4
 foo:
 	.long	-1
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969b.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969b.S
index eabeba2fb0..abe96facac 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969b.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr19969b.S
@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ _start:
 	.size	foo_p, 4
 foo_p:
 	.long	foo
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20550a.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20550a.s
index 4430398817..167255a797 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20550a.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20550a.s
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ _start:
 	movabsq	$strings@SIZE, %rdx
 	.section	.data.rel,"aw",@progbits
 	.quad	strings
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20800a.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20800a.S
index c4bcd80a7a..95024e280e 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20800a.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr20800a.S
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ main:
 	popq	%r15
 	ret
 	.size	main, .-main
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr22791-1b.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr22791-1b.s
index 9751db49aa..4bd7557025 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr22791-1b.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr22791-1b.s
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 main:
 	movl	foo(%rip), %eax
 	.size	main, .-main
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr26711.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr26711.s
index 8fa185d42a..9bbcdc5f86 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr26711.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/pr26711.s
@@ -31,3 +31,4 @@
 	.type	foo, @function
 foo:
 	ret
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-6c.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-6c.S
index 41246d305e..ab45318868 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-6c.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-6c.S
@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-no-copy.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-no-copy.S
index 88cc252021..c95054c3f7 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-no-copy.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-no-copy.S
@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@
 	.long 0			/* pr_datasz.  */
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-stack.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-stack.S
index 7f45654dc2..ede808a7de 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-stack.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-stack.S
@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-1.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-1.S
index de96e7a4e8..482b85e701 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-1.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-1.S
@@ -37,3 +37,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-2.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-2.S
index 65d7fad3fe..1be6703083 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-2.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-unsorted-2.S
@@ -25,3 +25,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-1.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-1.S
index b669e728a5..6d1d8fbaef 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-1.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-1.S
@@ -35,3 +35,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-2.S b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-2.S
index b108b1704d..613d5b21ce 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-2.S
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/property-x86-2.S
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@
 5:
 	.p2align ALIGN
 3:
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack
diff --git a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/start.s b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/start.s
index 80301c6a7e..4262a3380f 100644
--- a/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/start.s
+++ b/ld/testsuite/ld-x86-64/start.s
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 	.globl _start
 _start:
 	jmp foo
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack