aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/linux-user/qemu.h
blob: 941ca997228149c85f76a9600485ec84ca38d38a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
#ifndef QEMU_H
#define QEMU_H

#include "hostdep.h"
#include "cpu.h"
#include "exec/exec-all.h"
#include "exec/cpu_ldst.h"

#undef DEBUG_REMAP
#ifdef DEBUG_REMAP
#endif /* DEBUG_REMAP */

#include "exec/user/abitypes.h"

#include "exec/user/thunk.h"
#include "syscall_defs.h"
#include "target_syscall.h"
#include "exec/gdbstub.h"

/* This is the size of the host kernel's sigset_t, needed where we make
 * direct system calls that take a sigset_t pointer and a size.
 */
#define SIGSET_T_SIZE (_NSIG / 8)

/* This struct is used to hold certain information about the image.
 * Basically, it replicates in user space what would be certain
 * task_struct fields in the kernel
 */
struct image_info {
        abi_ulong       load_bias;
        abi_ulong       load_addr;
        abi_ulong       start_code;
        abi_ulong       end_code;
        abi_ulong       start_data;
        abi_ulong       end_data;
        abi_ulong       start_brk;
        abi_ulong       brk;
        abi_ulong       reserve_brk;
        abi_ulong       start_mmap;
        abi_ulong       start_stack;
        abi_ulong       stack_limit;
        abi_ulong       entry;
        abi_ulong       code_offset;
        abi_ulong       data_offset;
        abi_ulong       saved_auxv;
        abi_ulong       auxv_len;
        abi_ulong       arg_start;
        abi_ulong       arg_end;
        abi_ulong       arg_strings;
        abi_ulong       env_strings;
        abi_ulong       file_string;
        uint32_t        elf_flags;
        int		personality;
        abi_ulong       alignment;

        /* The fields below are used in FDPIC mode.  */
        abi_ulong       loadmap_addr;
        uint16_t        nsegs;
        void           *loadsegs;
        abi_ulong       pt_dynamic_addr;
        abi_ulong       interpreter_loadmap_addr;
        abi_ulong       interpreter_pt_dynamic_addr;
        struct image_info *other_info;
#ifdef TARGET_MIPS
        int             fp_abi;
        int             interp_fp_abi;
#endif
};

#ifdef TARGET_I386
/* Information about the current linux thread */
struct vm86_saved_state {
    uint32_t eax; /* return code */
    uint32_t ebx;
    uint32_t ecx;
    uint32_t edx;
    uint32_t esi;
    uint32_t edi;
    uint32_t ebp;
    uint32_t esp;
    uint32_t eflags;
    uint32_t eip;
    uint16_t cs, ss, ds, es, fs, gs;
};
#endif

#if defined(TARGET_ARM) && defined(TARGET_ABI32)
/* FPU emulator */
#include "nwfpe/fpa11.h"
#endif

#define MAX_SIGQUEUE_SIZE 1024

struct emulated_sigtable {
    int pending; /* true if signal is pending */
    target_siginfo_t info;
};

/* NOTE: we force a big alignment so that the stack stored after is
   aligned too */
typedef struct TaskState {
    pid_t ts_tid;     /* tid (or pid) of this task */
#ifdef TARGET_ARM
# ifdef TARGET_ABI32
    /* FPA state */
    FPA11 fpa;
# endif
    int swi_errno;
#endif
#if defined(TARGET_I386) && !defined(TARGET_X86_64)
    abi_ulong target_v86;
    struct vm86_saved_state vm86_saved_regs;
    struct target_vm86plus_struct vm86plus;
    uint32_t v86flags;
    uint32_t v86mask;
#endif
    abi_ulong child_tidptr;
#ifdef TARGET_M68K
    abi_ulong tp_value;
#endif
#if defined(TARGET_ARM) || defined(TARGET_M68K)
    /* Extra fields for semihosted binaries.  */
    abi_ulong heap_base;
    abi_ulong heap_limit;
#endif
    abi_ulong stack_base;
    int used; /* non zero if used */
    struct image_info *info;
    struct linux_binprm *bprm;

    struct emulated_sigtable sync_signal;
    struct emulated_sigtable sigtab[TARGET_NSIG];
    /* This thread's signal mask, as requested by the guest program.
     * The actual signal mask of this thread may differ:
     *  + we don't let SIGSEGV and SIGBUS be blocked while running guest code
     *  + sometimes we block all signals to avoid races
     */
    sigset_t signal_mask;
    /* The signal mask imposed by a guest sigsuspend syscall, if we are
     * currently in the middle of such a syscall
     */
    sigset_t sigsuspend_mask;
    /* Nonzero if we're leaving a sigsuspend and sigsuspend_mask is valid. */
    int in_sigsuspend;

    /* Nonzero if process_pending_signals() needs to do something (either
     * handle a pending signal or unblock signals).
     * This flag is written from a signal handler so should be accessed via
     * the qatomic_read() and qatomic_set() functions. (It is not accessed
     * from multiple threads.)
     */
    int signal_pending;

    /* This thread's sigaltstack, if it has one */
    struct target_sigaltstack sigaltstack_used;
} __attribute__((aligned(16))) TaskState;

extern char *exec_path;
void init_task_state(TaskState *ts);
void task_settid(TaskState *);
void stop_all_tasks(void);
extern const char *qemu_uname_release;
extern unsigned long mmap_min_addr;

/* ??? See if we can avoid exposing so much of the loader internals.  */

/* Read a good amount of data initially, to hopefully get all the
   program headers loaded.  */
#define BPRM_BUF_SIZE  1024

/*
 * This structure is used to hold the arguments that are
 * used when loading binaries.
 */
struct linux_binprm {
        char buf[BPRM_BUF_SIZE] __attribute__((aligned));
        abi_ulong p;
        int fd;
        int e_uid, e_gid;
        int argc, envc;
        char **argv;
        char **envp;
        char * filename;        /* Name of binary */
        int (*core_dump)(int, const CPUArchState *); /* coredump routine */
};

typedef struct IOCTLEntry IOCTLEntry;

typedef abi_long do_ioctl_fn(const IOCTLEntry *ie, uint8_t *buf_temp,
                             int fd, int cmd, abi_long arg);

struct IOCTLEntry {
    int target_cmd;
    unsigned int host_cmd;
    const char *name;
    int access;
    do_ioctl_fn *do_ioctl;
    const argtype arg_type[5];
};

extern IOCTLEntry ioctl_entries[];

#define IOC_R 0x0001
#define IOC_W 0x0002
#define IOC_RW (IOC_R | IOC_W)

void do_init_thread(struct target_pt_regs *regs, struct image_info *infop);
abi_ulong loader_build_argptr(int envc, int argc, abi_ulong sp,
                              abi_ulong stringp, int push_ptr);
int loader_exec(int fdexec, const char *filename, char **argv, char **envp,
             struct target_pt_regs * regs, struct image_info *infop,
             struct linux_binprm *);

/* Returns true if the image uses the FDPIC ABI. If this is the case,
 * we have to provide some information (loadmap, pt_dynamic_info) such
 * that the program can be relocated adequately. This is also useful
 * when handling signals.
 */
int info_is_fdpic(struct image_info *info);

uint32_t get_elf_eflags(int fd);
int load_elf_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct image_info *info);
int load_flt_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm, struct image_info *info);

abi_long memcpy_to_target(abi_ulong dest, const void *src,
                          unsigned long len);
void target_set_brk(abi_ulong new_brk);
abi_long do_brk(abi_ulong new_brk);
void syscall_init(void);
abi_long do_syscall(void *cpu_env, int num, abi_long arg1,
                    abi_long arg2, abi_long arg3, abi_long arg4,
                    abi_long arg5, abi_long arg6, abi_long arg7,
                    abi_long arg8);
extern __thread CPUState *thread_cpu;
void cpu_loop(CPUArchState *env);
const char *target_strerror(int err);
int get_osversion(void);
void init_qemu_uname_release(void);
void fork_start(void);
void fork_end(int child);

/**
 * probe_guest_base:
 * @image_name: the executable being loaded
 * @loaddr: the lowest fixed address in the executable
 * @hiaddr: the highest fixed address in the executable
 *
 * Creates the initial guest address space in the host memory space.
 *
 * If @loaddr == 0, then no address in the executable is fixed,
 * i.e. it is fully relocatable.  In that case @hiaddr is the size
 * of the executable.
 *
 * This function will not return if a valid value for guest_base
 * cannot be chosen.  On return, the executable loader can expect
 *
 *    target_mmap(loaddr, hiaddr - loaddr, ...)
 *
 * to succeed.
 */
void probe_guest_base(const char *image_name,
                      abi_ulong loaddr, abi_ulong hiaddr);

#include "qemu/log.h"

/* safe_syscall.S */

/**
 * safe_syscall:
 * @int number: number of system call to make
 * ...: arguments to the system call
 *
 * Call a system call if guest signal not pending.
 * This has the same API as the libc syscall() function, except that it
 * may return -1 with errno == TARGET_ERESTARTSYS if a signal was pending.
 *
 * Returns: the system call result, or -1 with an error code in errno
 * (Errnos are host errnos; we rely on TARGET_ERESTARTSYS not clashing
 * with any of the host errno values.)
 */

/* A guide to using safe_syscall() to handle interactions between guest
 * syscalls and guest signals:
 *
 * Guest syscalls come in two flavours:
 *
 * (1) Non-interruptible syscalls
 *
 * These are guest syscalls that never get interrupted by signals and
 * so never return EINTR. They can be implemented straightforwardly in
 * QEMU: just make sure that if the implementation code has to make any
 * blocking calls that those calls are retried if they return EINTR.
 * It's also OK to implement these with safe_syscall, though it will be
 * a little less efficient if a signal is delivered at the 'wrong' moment.
 *
 * Some non-interruptible syscalls need to be handled using block_signals()
 * to block signals for the duration of the syscall. This mainly applies
 * to code which needs to modify the data structures used by the
 * host_signal_handler() function and the functions it calls, including
 * all syscalls which change the thread's signal mask.
 *
 * (2) Interruptible syscalls
 *
 * These are guest syscalls that can be interrupted by signals and
 * for which we need to either return EINTR or arrange for the guest
 * syscall to be restarted. This category includes both syscalls which
 * always restart (and in the kernel return -ERESTARTNOINTR), ones
 * which only restart if there is no handler (kernel returns -ERESTARTNOHAND
 * or -ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK), and the most common kind which restart
 * if the handler was registered with SA_RESTART (kernel returns
 * -ERESTARTSYS). System calls which are only interruptible in some
 * situations (like 'open') also need to be handled this way.
 *
 * Here it is important that the host syscall is made
 * via this safe_syscall() function, and *not* via the host libc.
 * If the host libc is used then the implementation will appear to work
 * most of the time, but there will be a race condition where a
 * signal could arrive just before we make the host syscall inside libc,
 * and then then guest syscall will not correctly be interrupted.
 * Instead the implementation of the guest syscall can use the safe_syscall
 * function but otherwise just return the result or errno in the usual
 * way; the main loop code will take care of restarting the syscall
 * if appropriate.
 *
 * (If the implementation needs to make multiple host syscalls this is
 * OK; any which might really block must be via safe_syscall(); for those
 * which are only technically blocking (ie which we know in practice won't
 * stay in the host kernel indefinitely) it's OK to use libc if necessary.
 * You must be able to cope with backing out correctly if some safe_syscall
 * you make in the implementation returns either -TARGET_ERESTARTSYS or
 * EINTR though.)
 *
 * block_signals() cannot be used for interruptible syscalls.
 *
 *
 * How and why the safe_syscall implementation works:
 *
 * The basic setup is that we make the host syscall via a known
 * section of host native assembly. If a signal occurs, our signal
 * handler checks the interrupted host PC against the addresse of that
 * known section. If the PC is before or at the address of the syscall
 * instruction then we change the PC to point at a "return
 * -TARGET_ERESTARTSYS" code path instead, and then exit the signal handler
 * (causing the safe_syscall() call to immediately return that value).
 * Then in the main.c loop if we see this magic return value we adjust
 * the guest PC to wind it back to before the system call, and invoke
 * the guest signal handler as usual.
 *
 * This winding-back will happen in two cases:
 * (1) signal came in just before we took the host syscall (a race);
 *   in this case we'll take the guest signal and have another go
 *   at the syscall afterwards, and this is indistinguishable for the
 *   guest from the timing having been different such that the guest
 *   signal really did win the race
 * (2) signal came in while the host syscall was blocking, and the
 *   host kernel decided the syscall should be restarted;
 *   in this case we want to restart the guest syscall also, and so
 *   rewinding is the right thing. (Note that "restart" semantics mean
 *   "first call the signal handler, then reattempt the syscall".)
 * The other situation to consider is when a signal came in while the
 * host syscall was blocking, and the host kernel decided that the syscall
 * should not be restarted; in this case QEMU's host signal handler will
 * be invoked with the PC pointing just after the syscall instruction,
 * with registers indicating an EINTR return; the special code in the
 * handler will not kick in, and we will return EINTR to the guest as
 * we should.
 *
 * Notice that we can leave the host kernel to make the decision for
 * us about whether to do a restart of the syscall or not; we do not
 * need to check SA_RESTART flags in QEMU or distinguish the various
 * kinds of restartability.
 */
#ifdef HAVE_SAFE_SYSCALL
/* The core part of this function is implemented in assembly */
extern long safe_syscall_base(int *pending, long number, ...);

#define safe_syscall(...)                                               \
    ({                                                                  \
        long ret_;                                                      \
        int *psp_ = &((TaskState *)thread_cpu->opaque)->signal_pending; \
        ret_ = safe_syscall_base(psp_, __VA_ARGS__);                    \
        if (is_error(ret_)) {                                           \
            errno = -ret_;                                              \
            ret_ = -1;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
        ret_;                                                           \
    })

#else

/* Fallback for architectures which don't yet provide a safe-syscall assembly
 * fragment; note that this is racy!
 * This should go away when all host architectures have been updated.
 */
#define safe_syscall syscall

#endif

/* syscall.c */
int host_to_target_waitstatus(int status);

/* strace.c */
void print_syscall(void *cpu_env, int num,
                   abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2, abi_long arg3,
                   abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5, abi_long arg6);
void print_syscall_ret(void *cpu_env, int num, abi_long ret,
                       abi_long arg1, abi_long arg2, abi_long arg3,
                       abi_long arg4, abi_long arg5, abi_long arg6);
/**
 * print_taken_signal:
 * @target_signum: target signal being taken
 * @tinfo: target_siginfo_t which will be passed to the guest for the signal
 *
 * Print strace output indicating that this signal is being taken by the guest,
 * in a format similar to:
 * --- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SI_KERNEL, si_addr=0} ---
 */
void print_taken_signal(int target_signum, const target_siginfo_t *tinfo);

/* signal.c */
void process_pending_signals(CPUArchState *cpu_env);
void signal_init(void);
int queue_signal(CPUArchState *env, int sig, int si_type,
                 target_siginfo_t *info);
void host_to_target_siginfo(target_siginfo_t *tinfo, const siginfo_t *info);
void target_to_host_siginfo(siginfo_t *info, const target_siginfo_t *tinfo);
int target_to_host_signal(int sig);
int host_to_target_signal(int sig);
long do_sigreturn(CPUArchState *env);
long do_rt_sigreturn(CPUArchState *env);
abi_long do_sigaltstack(abi_ulong uss_addr, abi_ulong uoss_addr, abi_ulong sp);
int do_sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset);
abi_long do_swapcontext(CPUArchState *env, abi_ulong uold_ctx,
                        abi_ulong unew_ctx, abi_long ctx_size);
/**
 * block_signals: block all signals while handling this guest syscall
 *
 * Block all signals, and arrange that the signal mask is returned to
 * its correct value for the guest before we resume execution of guest code.
 * If this function returns non-zero, then the caller should immediately
 * return -TARGET_ERESTARTSYS to the main loop, which will take the pending
 * signal and restart execution of the syscall.
 * If block_signals() returns zero, then the caller can continue with
 * emulation of the system call knowing that no signals can be taken
 * (and therefore that no race conditions will result).
 * This should only be called once, because if it is called a second time
 * it will always return non-zero. (Think of it like a mutex that can't
 * be recursively locked.)
 * Signals will be unblocked again by process_pending_signals().
 *
 * Return value: non-zero if there was a pending signal, zero if not.
 */
int block_signals(void); /* Returns non zero if signal pending */

#ifdef TARGET_I386
/* vm86.c */
void save_v86_state(CPUX86State *env);
void handle_vm86_trap(CPUX86State *env, int trapno);
void handle_vm86_fault(CPUX86State *env);
int do_vm86(CPUX86State *env, long subfunction, abi_ulong v86_addr);
#elif defined(TARGET_SPARC64)
void sparc64_set_context(CPUSPARCState *env);
void sparc64_get_context(CPUSPARCState *env);
#endif

/* mmap.c */
int target_mprotect(abi_ulong start, abi_ulong len, int prot);
abi_long target_mmap(abi_ulong start, abi_ulong len, int prot,
                     int flags, int fd, abi_ulong offset);
int target_munmap(abi_ulong start, abi_ulong len);
abi_long target_mremap(abi_ulong old_addr, abi_ulong old_size,
                       abi_ulong new_size, unsigned long flags,
                       abi_ulong new_addr);
extern unsigned long last_brk;
extern abi_ulong mmap_next_start;
abi_ulong mmap_find_vma(abi_ulong, abi_ulong, abi_ulong);
void mmap_fork_start(void);
void mmap_fork_end(int child);

/* main.c */
extern unsigned long guest_stack_size;

/* user access */

#define VERIFY_READ 0
#define VERIFY_WRITE 1 /* implies read access */

static inline int access_ok(int type, abi_ulong addr, abi_ulong size)
{
    return guest_addr_valid(addr) &&
           (size == 0 || guest_addr_valid(addr + size - 1)) &&
           page_check_range((target_ulong)addr, size,
                            (type == VERIFY_READ) ? PAGE_READ : (PAGE_READ | PAGE_WRITE)) == 0;
}

/* NOTE __get_user and __put_user use host pointers and don't check access.
   These are usually used to access struct data members once the struct has
   been locked - usually with lock_user_struct.  */

/*
 * Tricky points:
 * - Use __builtin_choose_expr to avoid type promotion from ?:,
 * - Invalid sizes result in a compile time error stemming from
 *   the fact that abort has no parameters.
 * - It's easier to use the endian-specific unaligned load/store
 *   functions than host-endian unaligned load/store plus tswapN.
 * - The pragmas are necessary only to silence a clang false-positive
 *   warning: see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=39113 .
 * - gcc has bugs in its _Pragma() support in some versions, eg
 *   https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=83256 -- so we only
 *   include the warning-suppression pragmas for clang
 */
#if defined(__clang__) && __has_warning("-Waddress-of-packed-member")
#define PRAGMA_DISABLE_PACKED_WARNING                                   \
    _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                     \
    _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Waddress-of-packed-member\"")

#define PRAGMA_REENABLE_PACKED_WARNING          \
    _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")

#else
#define PRAGMA_DISABLE_PACKED_WARNING
#define PRAGMA_REENABLE_PACKED_WARNING
#endif

#define __put_user_e(x, hptr, e)                                            \
    do {                                                                    \
        PRAGMA_DISABLE_PACKED_WARNING;                                      \
        (__builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 1, stb_p,                 \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 2, stw_##e##_p,            \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 4, stl_##e##_p,            \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 8, stq_##e##_p, abort))))  \
            ((hptr), (x)), (void)0);                                        \
        PRAGMA_REENABLE_PACKED_WARNING;                                     \
    } while (0)

#define __get_user_e(x, hptr, e)                                            \
    do {                                                                    \
        PRAGMA_DISABLE_PACKED_WARNING;                                      \
        ((x) = (typeof(*hptr))(                                             \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 1, ldub_p,                 \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 2, lduw_##e##_p,           \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 4, ldl_##e##_p,            \
        __builtin_choose_expr(sizeof(*(hptr)) == 8, ldq_##e##_p, abort))))  \
            (hptr)), (void)0);                                              \
        PRAGMA_REENABLE_PACKED_WARNING;                                     \
    } while (0)


#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
# define __put_user(x, hptr)  __put_user_e(x, hptr, be)
# define __get_user(x, hptr)  __get_user_e(x, hptr, be)
#else
# define __put_user(x, hptr)  __put_user_e(x, hptr, le)
# define __get_user(x, hptr)  __get_user_e(x, hptr, le)
#endif

/* put_user()/get_user() take a guest address and check access */
/* These are usually used to access an atomic data type, such as an int,
 * that has been passed by address.  These internally perform locking
 * and unlocking on the data type.
 */
#define put_user(x, gaddr, target_type)					\
({									\
    abi_ulong __gaddr = (gaddr);					\
    target_type *__hptr;						\
    abi_long __ret = 0;							\
    if ((__hptr = lock_user(VERIFY_WRITE, __gaddr, sizeof(target_type), 0))) { \
        __put_user((x), __hptr);				\
        unlock_user(__hptr, __gaddr, sizeof(target_type));		\
    } else								\
        __ret = -TARGET_EFAULT;						\
    __ret;								\
})

#define get_user(x, gaddr, target_type)					\
({									\
    abi_ulong __gaddr = (gaddr);					\
    target_type *__hptr;						\
    abi_long __ret = 0;							\
    if ((__hptr = lock_user(VERIFY_READ, __gaddr, sizeof(target_type), 1))) { \
        __get_user((x), __hptr);				\
        unlock_user(__hptr, __gaddr, 0);				\
    } else {								\
        /* avoid warning */						\
        (x) = 0;							\
        __ret = -TARGET_EFAULT;						\
    }									\
    __ret;								\
})

#define put_user_ual(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), abi_ulong)
#define put_user_sal(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), abi_long)
#define put_user_u64(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), uint64_t)
#define put_user_s64(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), int64_t)
#define put_user_u32(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), uint32_t)
#define put_user_s32(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), int32_t)
#define put_user_u16(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), uint16_t)
#define put_user_s16(x, gaddr) put_user((x), (gaddr), int16_t)
#define put_user_u8(x, gaddr)  put_user((x), (gaddr), uint8_t)
#define put_user_s8(x, gaddr)  put_user((x), (gaddr), int8_t)

#define get_user_ual(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), abi_ulong)
#define get_user_sal(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), abi_long)
#define get_user_u64(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), uint64_t)
#define get_user_s64(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), int64_t)
#define get_user_u32(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), uint32_t)
#define get_user_s32(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), int32_t)
#define get_user_u16(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), uint16_t)
#define get_user_s16(x, gaddr) get_user((x), (gaddr), int16_t)
#define get_user_u8(x, gaddr)  get_user((x), (gaddr), uint8_t)
#define get_user_s8(x, gaddr)  get_user((x), (gaddr), int8_t)

/* copy_from_user() and copy_to_user() are usually used to copy data
 * buffers between the target and host.  These internally perform
 * locking/unlocking of the memory.
 */
abi_long copy_from_user(void *hptr, abi_ulong gaddr, size_t len);
abi_long copy_to_user(abi_ulong gaddr, void *hptr, size_t len);

/* Functions for accessing guest memory.  The tget and tput functions
   read/write single values, byteswapping as necessary.  The lock_user function
   gets a pointer to a contiguous area of guest memory, but does not perform
   any byteswapping.  lock_user may return either a pointer to the guest
   memory, or a temporary buffer.  */

/* Lock an area of guest memory into the host.  If copy is true then the
   host area will have the same contents as the guest.  */
static inline void *lock_user(int type, abi_ulong guest_addr, long len, int copy)
{
    if (!access_ok(type, guest_addr, len))
        return NULL;
#ifdef DEBUG_REMAP
    {
        void *addr;
        addr = g_malloc(len);
        if (copy)
            memcpy(addr, g2h(guest_addr), len);
        else
            memset(addr, 0, len);
        return addr;
    }
#else
    return g2h(guest_addr);
#endif
}

/* Unlock an area of guest memory.  The first LEN bytes must be
   flushed back to guest memory. host_ptr = NULL is explicitly
   allowed and does nothing. */
static inline void unlock_user(void *host_ptr, abi_ulong guest_addr,
                               long len)
{

#ifdef DEBUG_REMAP
    if (!host_ptr)
        return;
    if (host_ptr == g2h(guest_addr))
        return;
    if (len > 0)
        memcpy(g2h(guest_addr), host_ptr, len);
    g_free(host_ptr);
#endif
}

/* Return the length of a string in target memory or -TARGET_EFAULT if
   access error. */
abi_long target_strlen(abi_ulong gaddr);

/* Like lock_user but for null terminated strings.  */
static inline void *lock_user_string(abi_ulong guest_addr)
{
    abi_long len;
    len = target_strlen(guest_addr);
    if (len < 0)
        return NULL;
    return lock_user(VERIFY_READ, guest_addr, (long)(len + 1), 1);
}

/* Helper macros for locking/unlocking a target struct.  */
#define lock_user_struct(type, host_ptr, guest_addr, copy)	\
    (host_ptr = lock_user(type, guest_addr, sizeof(*host_ptr), copy))
#define unlock_user_struct(host_ptr, guest_addr, copy)		\
    unlock_user(host_ptr, guest_addr, (copy) ? sizeof(*host_ptr) : 0)

#include <pthread.h>

static inline int is_error(abi_long ret)
{
    return (abi_ulong)ret >= (abi_ulong)(-4096);
}

#if TARGET_ABI_BITS == 32
static inline uint64_t target_offset64(uint32_t word0, uint32_t word1)
{
#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
    return ((uint64_t)word0 << 32) | word1;
#else
    return ((uint64_t)word1 << 32) | word0;
#endif
}
#else /* TARGET_ABI_BITS == 32 */
static inline uint64_t target_offset64(uint64_t word0, uint64_t word1)
{
    return word0;
}
#endif /* TARGET_ABI_BITS != 32 */

void print_termios(void *arg);

/* ARM EABI and MIPS expect 64bit types aligned even on pairs or registers */
#ifdef TARGET_ARM
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num)
{
    return ((((CPUARMState *)cpu_env)->eabi) == 1) ;
}
#elif defined(TARGET_MIPS) && (TARGET_ABI_BITS == 32)
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num) { return 1; }
#elif defined(TARGET_PPC) && !defined(TARGET_PPC64)
/*
 * SysV AVI for PPC32 expects 64bit parameters to be passed on odd/even pairs
 * of registers which translates to the same as ARM/MIPS, because we start with
 * r3 as arg1
 */
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num) { return 1; }
#elif defined(TARGET_SH4)
/* SH4 doesn't align register pairs, except for p{read,write}64 */
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num)
{
    switch (num) {
    case TARGET_NR_pread64:
    case TARGET_NR_pwrite64:
        return 1;

    default:
        return 0;
    }
}
#elif defined(TARGET_XTENSA)
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num) { return 1; }
#else
static inline int regpairs_aligned(void *cpu_env, int num) { return 0; }
#endif

/**
 * preexit_cleanup: housekeeping before the guest exits
 *
 * env: the CPU state
 * code: the exit code
 */
void preexit_cleanup(CPUArchState *env, int code);

/* Include target-specific struct and function definitions;
 * they may need access to the target-independent structures
 * above, so include them last.
 */
#include "target_cpu.h"
#include "target_structs.h"

#endif /* QEMU_H */