Use `pwd` in place of $PWD, treewide.

The Autoconf manual says:

     Posix 1003.1-2001 requires that `cd' and `pwd' must update the
     `PWD' environment variable to point to the logical name of the
     current directory, but traditional shells do not support this.
     This can cause confusion if one shell instance maintains `PWD' but
     a subsidiary and different shell does not know about `PWD' and
     executes `cd'; in this case `PWD' points to the wrong directory.
     Use ``pwd`' rather than `$PWD'.

so this commit replaces all uses of $PWD by `pwd`.

Reported-by: Justin Pettit <jpettit@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Pfaff <blp@nicira.com>

10 files changed, 52 insertions, 52 deletions

diff --git a/tests/daemon.at b/tests/daemon.at
index f7154e8a..69fff258 100644
--- a/tests/daemon.at
+++ b/tests/daemon.at
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([pid])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([expected])
 # Start the daemon and wait for the pidfile to get created
 # and that its contents are the correct pid.
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db& echo $! > expected], [0])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db& echo $! > expected], [0])
 OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test -s pid], [kill `cat expected`])
 AT_CHECK(
   [pid=`cat pid` && expected=`cat expected` && test "$pid" = "$expected"],
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([parent])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([parentpid])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([newpid])
 # Start the daemon and wait for the pidfile to get created.
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --monitor --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db& echo $! > parent], [0])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --monitor --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db& echo $! > parent], [0])
 OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test -s pid], [kill `cat parent`])
 # Check that the pidfile names a running process,
 # and that the parent process of that process is our child process.
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ OVSDB_INIT([db])
 # Start the daemon and make sure that the pidfile exists immediately.
 # We don't wait for the pidfile to get created because the daemon is
 # supposed to do so before the parent exits.
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0])
 AT_CHECK([test -s pid])
 AT_CHECK([kill -0 `cat pid`])
 # Kill the daemon and make sure that the pidfile gets deleted.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([init])
 # Start the daemon and make sure that the pidfile exists immediately.
 # We don't wait for the pidfile to get created because the daemon is
 # supposed to do so before the parent exits.
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/daemon --monitor --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/daemon --monitor --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0])
 AT_CHECK([test -s daemon])
 # Check that the pidfile names a running process,
 # and that the parent process of that process is a running process,
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ AT_CLEANUP
 AT_SETUP([daemon --detach startup errors])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([pid])
 OVSDB_INIT([db])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/nonexistent/unixctl db], [1], [], [stderr])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/nonexistent/unixctl db], [1], [], [stderr])
 AT_CHECK([grep 'ovsdb-server: could not initialize control socket' stderr],
   [0], [ignore], [])
 AT_CHECK([test ! -s pid])
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ AT_CLEANUP
 AT_SETUP([daemon --detach --monitor startup errors])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([pid])
 OVSDB_INIT([db])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --monitor --unixctl=$PWD/nonexistent/unixctl db], [1], [], [stderr])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --monitor --unixctl="`pwd`"/nonexistent/unixctl db], [1], [], [stderr])
 AT_CHECK([grep 'ovsdb-server: could not initialize control socket' stderr],
   [0], [ignore], [])
 AT_CHECK([test ! -s pid])
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([pid])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([status])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([stderr])
 OVSDB_INIT([db])
-AT_CHECK([(yes 2>stderr; echo $? > status) | ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [], [])
+AT_CHECK([(yes 2>stderr; echo $? > status) | ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [], [])
 AT_CHECK([kill `cat pid`])
 AT_CHECK([test -s status])
 if grep '[[bB]]roken pipe' stderr >/dev/null 2>&1; then
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([pid])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([status])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([stderr])
 OVSDB_INIT([db])
-AT_CHECK([(yes 2>stderr; echo $? > status) | ovsdb-server --detach --monitor --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [], [])
+AT_CHECK([(yes 2>stderr; echo $? > status) | ovsdb-server --detach --monitor --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [], [])
 AT_CHECK([kill `cat pid`])
 AT_CHECK([test -s status])
 if grep '[[bB]]roken pipe' stderr >/dev/null 2>&1; then
diff --git a/tests/interface-reconfigure.at b/tests/interface-reconfigure.at
index 6bbaddd6..36588824 100644
--- a/tests/interface-reconfigure.at
+++ b/tests/interface-reconfigure.at
@@ -682,11 +682,11 @@ EOF
 }
 
 ifr_run () {
-    ./interface-reconfigure --root-prefix=$PWD --no-syslog "$@"
+    ./interface-reconfigure --root-prefix="`pwd`" --no-syslog "$@"
 }
 
 ifr_filter () {
-    sed -n -e "s,$PWD,,g" -e 's/ -- /\
+    sed -n -e "s,`pwd`,,g" -e 's/ -- /\
     /g' -e '/^Running command:/!p' stderr
 }]
 m4_divert_pop([PREPARE_TESTS])
diff --git a/tests/jsonrpc.at b/tests/jsonrpc.at
index b669a392..b6aa27d0 100644
--- a/tests/jsonrpc.at
+++ b/tests/jsonrpc.at
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 AT_BANNER([JSON-RPC - C])
 
 AT_SETUP([JSON-RPC request and successful reply])
-AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid listen punix:socket])
+AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid listen punix:socket])
 AT_CHECK([test -s pid])
 AT_CHECK([kill -0 `cat pid`])
 AT_CHECK(
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ AT_CHECK([kill `cat pid`])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([JSON-RPC request and error reply])
-AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid listen punix:socket])
+AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid listen punix:socket])
 AT_CHECK([test -s pid])
 AT_CHECK([kill -0 `cat pid`])
 AT_CHECK(
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ AT_CHECK([kill `cat pid`])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([JSON-RPC notification])
-AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid listen punix:socket])
+AT_CHECK([test-jsonrpc --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid listen punix:socket])
 AT_CHECK([test -s pid])
 # When a daemon dies it deletes its pidfile, so make a copy.
 AT_CHECK([cp pid pid2])
diff --git a/tests/ofproto-macros.at b/tests/ofproto-macros.at
index 1184d260..a7ac388d 100644
--- a/tests/ofproto-macros.at
+++ b/tests/ofproto-macros.at
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ m4_define([TESTABLE_LOG], [-vPATTERN:ANY:'%c|%p|%m'])
 # output (e.g. because it includes "create" commands) then 'vsctl-output'
 # specifies the expected output after filtering through uuidfilt.pl.
 m4_define([OVS_VSWITCHD_START],
-  [OVS_RUNDIR=$PWD; export OVS_RUNDIR
-   OVS_LOGDIR=$PWD; export OVS_LOGDIR
-   OVS_SYSCONFDIR=$PWD; export OVS_SYSCONFDIR
+  [OVS_RUNDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_RUNDIR
+   OVS_LOGDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_LOGDIR
+   OVS_SYSCONFDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_SYSCONFDIR
    trap 'kill `cat ovsdb-server.pid ovs-vswitchd.pid`' 0
 
    dnl Create database.
diff --git a/tests/ovs-vsctl.at b/tests/ovs-vsctl.at
index fb5bc1d5..9d742cc1 100644
--- a/tests/ovs-vsctl.at
+++ b/tests/ovs-vsctl.at
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ dnl Creates an empty database in the current directory and then starts
 dnl an ovsdb-server on it for ovs-vsctl to connect to.
 m4_define([OVS_VSCTL_SETUP],
   [OVSDB_INIT([db])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db >/dev/null 2>&1], [0], [ignore], [ignore])])
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db >/dev/null 2>&1], [0], [ignore], [ignore])])
 
 dnl OVS_VSCTL_CLEANUP
 dnl
diff --git a/tests/ovsdb-idl.at b/tests/ovsdb-idl.at
index a8ce3ca5..2cfc91c6 100644
--- a/tests/ovsdb-idl.at
+++ b/tests/ovsdb-idl.at
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_IDL_C],
    AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server idl positive $5])
    AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db $abs_srcdir/idltest.ovsschema],
                   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server '-vPATTERN:console:ovsdb-server|%c|%m' --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server '-vPATTERN:console:ovsdb-server|%c|%m' --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    m4_if([$2], [], [],
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client transact unix:socket $2], [0], [ignore], [ignore], [kill `cat pid`])])
    AT_CHECK([test-ovsdb '-vPATTERN:console:test-ovsdb|%c|%m' -vjsonrpc -t10 idl unix:socket $3],
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_IDL_PY],
    AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server idl positive Python $5])
    AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db $abs_srcdir/idltest.ovsschema],
                   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server '-vPATTERN:console:ovsdb-server|%c|%m' --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server '-vPATTERN:console:ovsdb-server|%c|%m' --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    m4_if([$2], [], [],
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client transact unix:socket $2], [0], [ignore], [ignore], [kill `cat pid`])])
    AT_CHECK([$PYTHON $srcdir/test-ovsdb.py  -t10 idl $srcdir/idltest.ovsschema unix:socket $3],
diff --git a/tests/ovsdb-monitor.at b/tests/ovsdb-monitor.at
index 4eb2e883..1e319dd2 100644
--- a/tests/ovsdb-monitor.at
+++ b/tests/ovsdb-monitor.at
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_MONITOR],
    m4_foreach([txn], [$3],
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool transact db 'txn'], [0], [ignore], [ignore])])
    AT_CAPTURE_FILE([ovsdb-server-log])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/server-pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --log-file=$PWD/ovsdb-server-log db >/dev/null 2>&1],
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/server-pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --log-file="`pwd`"/ovsdb-server-log db >/dev/null 2>&1],
             [0], [], [])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client -vjsonrpc --detach --pidfile=$PWD/client-pid -d json monitor --format=csv unix:socket $4 $5 $8 > output], 
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client -vjsonrpc --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/client-pid -d json monitor --format=csv unix:socket $4 $5 $8 > output], 
             [0], [ignore], [ignore], [kill `cat server-pid`])
    m4_foreach([txn], [$6],
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client transact unix:socket 'txn'], [0],
                      [ignore], [ignore], [kill `cat server-pid client-pid`])])
    AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client transact unix:socket '[["$4"]]'], [0],
             [ignore], [ignore], [kill `cat server-pid client-pid`])
-   AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl -t $PWD/unixctl -e exit], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl -t "`pwd`"/unixctl -e exit], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test ! -e server-pid && test ! -e client-pid])
    AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/ovsdb-monitor-sort.pl < output | perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl], [0], [$7], [ignore])
    AT_CLEANUP])
diff --git a/tests/ovsdb-server.at b/tests/ovsdb-server.at
index b89718b4..f5db1a8d 100644
--- a/tests/ovsdb-server.at
+++ b/tests/ovsdb-server.at
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ AT_BANNER([OVSDB -- ovsdb-server transactions (Unix sockets)])
 
 m4_define([OVSDB_SERVER_SHUTDOWN], 
   [cp pid savepid
-   AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl -t $PWD/unixctl -e exit], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl -t "`pwd`"/unixctl -e exit], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    OVS_WAIT_WHILE([kill -0 `cat savepid`], [kill `cat savepid`])])
 
 # OVSDB_CHECK_EXECUTION(TITLE, SCHEMA, TRANSACTIONS, OUTPUT, [KEYWORDS])
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_EXECUTION],
    AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server positive unix $5])
    $2 > schema
    AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db schema], [0], [stdout], [ignore])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    m4_foreach([txn], [$3], 
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client transact unix:socket 'txn'], [0], [stdout], [ignore],
      [test ! -e pid || kill `cat pid`])
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "table": "ordinals",
    "row": {"number": 0, "name": "zero"}}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
 cat stdout >> output
 dnl Add some crap to the database log and run another transaction, which should
 dnl ignore the crap and truncate it out of the log.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "table": "ordinals",
    "row": {"number": 1, "name": "one"}}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [stderr])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [stderr])
 AT_CHECK([grep 'syntax error: db: parse error.* in header line "xxx"' stderr],
   [0], [ignore])
 cat stdout >> output
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "where": [],
    "sort": ["number"]}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
 cat stdout >> output
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl output], [0],
   [[[{"uuid":["uuid","<0>"]}]
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "table": "ordinals",
    "row": {"number": 0, "name": "zero"}}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
 cat stdout >> output
 dnl Add some crap to the database log and run another transaction, which should
 dnl ignore the crap and truncate it out of the log.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "table": "ordinals",
    "row": {"number": 1, "name": "one"}}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [stderr])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [stderr])
 AT_CHECK([grep 'syntax "{"invalid":{}}": unknown table: No table named invalid.' stderr],
   [0], [ignore])
 cat stdout >> output
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ AT_DATA([txnfile], [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
    "where": [],
    "sort": ["number"]}]'
 ]])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [])
 cat stdout >> output
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl output], [0],
   [[[{"uuid":["uuid","<0>"]}]
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ AT_SETUP([ovsdb-client get-schema-version])
 AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server positive])
 ordinal_schema > schema
 AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db schema], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client get-schema-version unix:socket ordinals], [0], [5.1.3
 ])
 OVSDB_SERVER_SHUTDOWN
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ AT_SETUP([database multiplexing implementation])
 AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server positive])
 ordinal_schema > schema
 AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db schema], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK(
   [[ovsdb-client list-dbs unix:socket]], 
   [0], [ordinals
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ AT_CHECK(
        {"op": "insert",
         "table": "Manager",
         "row": {"manager": "punix:socket"}}]']], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --remote=db:Manager,manager --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --remote=db:Manager,manager --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK(
   [[ovsdb-client transact unix:socket \
      '["mydb",
@@ -219,11 +219,11 @@ AT_CHECK(
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/choose-port.pl], [0], [stdout])
 SSL_PORT=`cat stdout`
 AT_CHECK(
-  [ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid \
+  [ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid \
         --private-key=db:SSL,private_key \
         --certificate=db:SSL,certificate \
         --ca-cert=db:SSL,ca_cert \
-         --remote=pssl:$SSL_PORT:127.0.0.1 --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db],
+         --remote=pssl:$SSL_PORT:127.0.0.1 --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db],
   [0], [ignore], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK(
   [[ovsdb-client \
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ AT_KEYWORDS([ovsdb server compact])
 ordinal_schema > schema
 touch .db.~lock~
 AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db schema], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
-AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --log-file=$PWD/ovsdb-server.log db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --log-file="`pwd`"/ovsdb-server.log db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
 AT_CAPTURE_FILE([ovsdb-server.log])
 dnl Do a bunch of random transactions that put crap in the database log.
 AT_CHECK(
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ _uuid                                name  number
 <5> zero  0     @&t@
 ], [], [test ! -e pid || kill `cat pid`])
 dnl Now compact the database in-place.
-AT_CHECK([[ovs-appctl -t $PWD/unixctl ovsdb-server/compact]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovs-appctl -t "`pwd`"/unixctl ovsdb-server/compact]],
   [0], [], [ignore], [test ! -e pid || kill `cat pid`])
 dnl We can't fully re-check the contents of the database log, because the
 dnl order of the records is not predictable, but there should only be 4 lines
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_EXECUTION],
    SSL_PORT=`cat stdout`
    PKIDIR=$abs_top_builddir/tests
    AT_CHECK([ovsdb-tool create db schema], [0], [stdout], [ignore])
-   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile=$PWD/pid --private-key=$PKIDIR/testpki-privkey2.pem --certificate=$PKIDIR/testpki-cert2.pem --ca-cert=$PKIDIR/testpki-cacert.pem --remote=pssl:$SSL_PORT:127.0.0.1 --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
+   AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --detach --pidfile="`pwd`"/pid --private-key=$PKIDIR/testpki-privkey2.pem --certificate=$PKIDIR/testpki-cert2.pem --ca-cert=$PKIDIR/testpki-cacert.pem --remote=pssl:$SSL_PORT:127.0.0.1 --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db], [0], [ignore], [ignore])
    m4_foreach([txn], [$3], 
      [AT_CHECK([ovsdb-client --private-key=$PKIDIR/testpki-privkey.pem --certificate=$PKIDIR/testpki-cert.pem --ca-cert=$PKIDIR/testpki-cacert.pem transact ssl:127.0.0.1:$SSL_PORT 'txn'], [0], [stdout], [ignore],
      [test ! -e pid || kill `cat pid`])
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ m4_define([OVSDB_CHECK_EXECUTION],
    m4_foreach([txn], [$3], 
      [AT_DATA([txnfile], [ovsdb-client transact unix:socket 'txn'
 ])
-      AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [ignore])
+      AT_CHECK([ovsdb-server --remote=punix:socket --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl db --run="sh txnfile"], [0], [stdout], [ignore])
       cat stdout >> output
 ])
    AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl output], [0], [$4], [ignore])
diff --git a/tests/ovsdb-tool.at b/tests/ovsdb-tool.at
index 4bc582c0..2d19b32d 100644
--- a/tests/ovsdb-tool.at
+++ b/tests/ovsdb-tool.at
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ AT_CHECK([[perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl db | grep -v ^OVSDB | sed 's/"_date":[0-9]*/
 {"_comment":"add back row for five 5","_date":0,"ordinals":{"<11>":{"name":"five","number":5}}}
 ]])
 dnl Dump out and check the actual database contents.
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([db])
 AT_CHECK([wc -l < db], [0], [4
 ])
 dnl And check that the dumped data is the same too:
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ AT_CHECK(
     done]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 dnl Dump out and check the actual database contents.
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([db])
 AT_CHECK([wc -l < db], [0], [4
 ])
 dnl And check that the dumped data is the same except for the removed column:
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ AT_CHECK(
     done]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 dnl Dump out and check the actual database contents.
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ AT_CAPTURE_FILE([db])
 AT_CHECK([wc -l < db], [0], [4
 ])
 dnl And check that the dumped data is the same except for the added column:
-AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl=$PWD/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
+AT_CHECK([[ovsdb-server --unixctl="`pwd`"/unixctl --remote=punix:socket --run "ovsdb-client dump unix:socket ordinals" db]],
   [0], [stdout], [ignore])
 AT_CHECK([perl $srcdir/uuidfilt.pl stdout], [0], [dnl
 ordinals table
diff --git a/tests/unixctl-py.at b/tests/unixctl-py.at
index 52fb72a9..f9caa60f 100644
--- a/tests/unixctl-py.at
+++ b/tests/unixctl-py.at
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ OVS_VSWITCHD_STOP
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([unixctl bad target - Python])
-OVS_RUNDIR=$PWD; export OVS_RUNDIR
+OVS_RUNDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_RUNDIR
 AT_SKIP_IF([test $HAVE_PYTHON = no])
 
 AT_CHECK([PYAPPCTL -t bogus doit], [1], [], [stderr])
 AT_CHECK_UNQUOTED([tail -1 stderr], [0], [dnl
-appctl.py: cannot read pidfile "$PWD/bogus.pid" (No such file or directory)
+appctl.py: cannot read pidfile "`pwd`/bogus.pid" (No such file or directory)
 ])
 
 AT_CHECK([PYAPPCTL -t /bogus/path.pid doit], [1], [], [stderr])
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([unixctl server - Python])
 AT_SKIP_IF([test $HAVE_PYTHON = no])
-OVS_RUNDIR=$PWD; export OVS_RUNDIR
-OVS_LOGDIR=$PWD; export OVS_LOGDIR
-OVS_SYSCONFDIR=$PWD; export OVS_SYSCONFDIR
+OVS_RUNDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_RUNDIR
+OVS_LOGDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_LOGDIR
+OVS_SYSCONFDIR=`pwd`; export OVS_SYSCONFDIR
 trap 'kill `cat test-unixctl.py.pid`' 0
-AT_CAPTURE_FILE([$PWD/test-unixctl.py.log])
+AT_CAPTURE_FILE([`pwd`/test-unixctl.py.log])
 AT_CHECK([$PYTHON $srcdir/test-unixctl.py --log-file --pidfile --detach])
 
 AT_CHECK([APPCTL -t test-unixctl.py help], [0], [stdout])
@@ -159,5 +159,5 @@ AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([unixctl server errors - Python])
 AT_SKIP_IF([test $HAVE_PYTHON = no])
-AT_CHECK($PYTHON $srcdir/test-unixctl.py --unixctl $PWD/bogus/path, [1], [], [ignore])
+AT_CHECK($PYTHON $srcdir/test-unixctl.py --unixctl "`pwd`"/bogus/path, [1], [], [ignore])
 AT_CLEANUP